Literature and the Community

Presentation Literary investigations involve introduction of sonnets, stories, tunes, and show among different types of craftsmanship to the network. Writing and related examinations go back to when language was first utilized as a mode of correspondence. Writing has an assortment of employments in the general public including changing social practices and mirroring the conditions winning in the general public. It accomplishes its capacities through affecting the contemplations of perusers in different manners. Publicizing We will compose a custom article test on Literature and the Community explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firstly, the tales or tunes can impact the considerations of an individual consequently empowering this person to connect with oneself in basic pondering the realities introduced in the story. The criticalness of writing in changing social practices involves artistic examinations that empower people to contrast their societies and way of life and others in different social orders (Manzo Perkins, 2006, p. 335). This paper tries to feature the hugeness of writing in mirroring the conditions winning in the network as introduced in the story, ‘Metamorphosis’ by Franz Kafka. Then again, the paper dissects the ‘Lesson’, which is a story composed by Toni Cade Bambara with the point of indicating how people and social orders influence each other with regards to writing. How does writing mirror the network? Most artistic investigations and types of workmanship give a splendid depiction of the monetary, social, political, and familial factors in different social orders. Along these lines, writing carries a peruser to the setting of the genuine encounters in the network. The people group reflected in the story isn't really the readers’ and by and large, such stories present realities about different networks in this manner empowering the peruser to look into the conditions in the two networks. Then again, writing presents the conditions inside the family, which mirror the practices in the entire society. The story ‘Metamorphosis’, unfurls as the creator presents the life of a typical family under the insurance of a persevering dad and spouse. Be that as it may, as the story advances, the creator recounts a catastrophe wherein the family man changes into a creepy crawly (Diyanni, 2007, p. 612). This implies this individual may no longer accommodate his family. The creator further notes that this man had never grumbled about accommodating the entire family including his folks and kin (Diyanni, 2007, p. 613). The antagonistic side of the story is that the man who was a slave for his family gets disengaged, ignored and mishandled by similar individuals he thought about before his change. The confidence of the story is that it welcomes the perusers to think about their particular families and social orders so as to uncover any indecencies reflected in the network and family in the story.Advertising Looking for article on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How does writing mirror the effect of people and social orders on each? Writing has another significant capacity of demonstrating how people impact others in the general public along these lines adding to the advancement or disappointment of the social orders. A genuine model is the story ‘The Lesson’, which involves a portrayal of the life of a little youngster and her neighborhood. The young lady lives in a less agreeable neighborhood and her family can't accommodate themselves in light of the fact that the creator demonstrates that others were helping them (DiYanni, 2007, p. 428). The circumstance isn't any not the same as that of different children in her local creation these children to hold a negative demeanor and impression towards others particularly untouchables. The creator demonstrates that their demeanor changes when one of the kids’ neighbors takes them to an alternate neighborhood where life is entirely different. The primary stop they made was at a toy store whereby the costs of different wares stun them. Now, the story carries the peruser to seeing the adjustment in the kids’ needing. The adjustment in the children’s mentality is owing to their neighbor who had been away from the area and in this manner she had the experience of live in the outside world. This shows the hugeness of writing as far as permitting the peruser to venture out to a world away from one’s own so as to investigate new encounters throughout everyday life. It is along these lines clear that an individual can't understand the requirements or charms of others without this individual collaborating or having a brief look at the circumstance from the viewpoint of others. Reference List DiYanni, R (2007) Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (sixth ed.) New York: McGr aw-Hill. Manzo, L.C., Perkins, D.D. (2006). The significance of writing to network cooperation. Diary of Planning Literature, 20 (4): pp. 335-350.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Literature and the Community explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article on Literature and the Community was composed and put together by client Kayleigh Larsen to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Discussion Forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Conversation Forum - Essay Example Confucius lived 2,500 years back in Lu, a little state in Eastern China. During this time, China was filled with political difficulty and disarray during the rule of Zhou tradition by which it incited him to build up his tenet/reasoning of Confucianism on the most proficient method to make a general public that is established on concordance and equalization of which his world of politics is destitute. After the kicked the bucket at the of 73, his lessons spread all through China and its impact still storngly revererates until today. Confucianism as a way of thinking and social ethic supports a lifetime quest for moral greatness or to turn out to be better established on the conviction that everybody has the inborn capacity to form into a self-governing and self-overseeing individual by building up the Ren. Ren is being culminated or taught through training which is encouraged by Li or the way toward developing one’s goodness. Confucius likewise refered to the Golden Rule or the law that states to treat everyone the manner in which we need to be treated as one of the instrument that advances uprightness in the indivdual and society also. The act of the Golden Rule benefits everybody and such gives the essential condition to develop the

North Korea Threat To USA - Free Essay Example

The most volatile and prominent threat to The United States of America is North Korea. Their development and testing of nuclear weapons coupled with their relationships with Russia and China promote conflict over foreseeable unity with South Korea. Most recently, North Korea has lengthened their demands for the United States in order to move forward with denuclearization; this standoff threatens stability and military power on the peninsula. Further instability is risked with slighting the new demands while securing a peace declaration threatens Chinese and Russian interference as their geographical buffer is potentially weakened with potential U.S. forces presence. Russia shares their southernmost border in Siberia with North Korea while China shares an eastern border with the country. A long-term goal of the United States involves the denuclearization and unification of both Koreas. This accomplishment will remove the shield between two of our most viable and competitive threats: Russia and China. Both countries have provided amble trade opportunities to North Korea to both sustain the regime and to stimulate their own respective economies. Following the Korean War, China and Russia developed shared interests in maintaining the economical state of North Korea primarily to ward off potential political variability along their mutual border. However common the denuclearization of North Korea is by world leaders, Russia and China lose the most with talks of unifying the peninsula and creating a potential extension of American influence in the region. From deterrence missions throughout the Baltics against Russia to recent trade disputes with China, the United States potential extension of military presence invites increased uncertainty with North Koreas neighbours equatable, conventional forces. These major events directly affect both countries freedom of manuever globally do not align well with being asked to be external influencers to the dismantling of North Koreas nuclear arsenal. The current administrations approach to forcing denuclearization and promoting a united and stable peninsula has been largely criticized, however, the superficial strides made cannot be denied. Some analysts believe that the brazen approach is influencing North Korea to entertain peace talks because theyre realizing theyre outmatched in comparison to the United States military. Others view the tactics used as intimidation and only pushing Kim Jong-Un into a position where he can only respond with force thus leading to conflict. **CITE** President Trump has countered Kim Jong-Uns new demands made in **August** with statements alluding to re-establishing training exercises with both Japan and South Korea **QUOTE** By acknowledging these terms, The United States risks losing the authority in setting conditions moving forward. However, disregarding the new demands puts both the United States at risk of an impulsive attack from North Korea in retaliation for being disparaged on the global stage. Neither course presents a preferable outcome. And neither course endorses safety of the American people and South Koreans from the consequences of a nuclear-centric war. North Koreas suspected nuclear, chemical, and biological munitions are estimated to reach American territories. However, Kim Jong-Un repeatedly praises his countys rapid development of nuclear weapons. While the exact ordnance and its capabilities remains unconfirmed, it is accessed that if it is not in production yet, a long-range variant capable of striking the United States can be generated and fast. **CITE**(https://www.nti.org/learn/countries/north-korea/) Following the summit in June 2018, President Trump prematurely declared on Twitter that North Korea no longer posed a nuclear threat. Presently, the United States is shifting its negotiations to China following a stall made by North Korea in August 2018; it is believed that the aid provided to Kim Jong-Un despite sanctions in place is reducing the global denuclearization pressure. In 2017, the President vocalized retaliating if the US remained endangered. The forward proposition did not produce results in 2017 and it is not a viable strategy in 2018. Parallel to these attack threats, The United States increased nuclear and radar assets like the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea between 2016 and 2017 as defenses against potential North Korea aggression. Kim Jong-Un is likely to continue possessing nuclear armament as long as indicators exist; his countrys military is outmatched globally once his missiles are depleted, or removed maintaining possession ens ures leveling of the battlefield. **CITE** https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1006837823469735936?lang=en Undeterred by the United Nations, North Korea has violated sanctions while continuing the testing of ballistic missiles. The mere discontinuation on joint multi-national exercises in Japan and South Korea to establish talks of denuclearization does not reinforce the implications behind the continuous offence connotation used in response to North Koreas failure to commit to conditions set by the United States. Even with their aligned belief of Kim Jong-Un disarming his country of nuclear assets, Russia and China are interested in self-preservation rather than risking an economical or combatant crisis with their shared border. North Korea is likely to remain a nuclear threat to The United States of America as long as our military forces combat power outmatches their capabilities as it is seen as their foremost approach to survival in a force on force conflict.

Fast Food An Advocate Of That Slow Food Movement

Page 85: Domini starts off her article by recalling the ethos used through â€Å"an advocate of that Slow Food movement for many years.† Through describing some of the goals and tenets of that movement, she included the â€Å"positive effects† that it can have. Additionally she establishes the middle ground of the argument before she discusses her position. Her position is one that the Slow Food supporters are not likely to embrace. In fact, her position is presented in a weak and underwhelming sentence. Domini asks a question that that brings her audience to a question: â€Å"Why then do I find myself investing in fast food companies?† Domini then provides evidence that supports her choice to take that action in the following sentences. During this she†¦show more content†¦What makes these laws even worse is that local polling booths have no idea how to go about dealing with this law. The problem with these voting laws is that they must be done state to state, s o some states are going towards more strict laws and others are moving in the other direction. Either way the idea of â€Å"permanently depriving felons the right to vote is completely thrown away.† Page 109: First hand evidence In this essay by Dana Thomas, she uses personal experience to explain her encounter with a chinese factory when she accompanied Chinese police officers during a raid. When they arrived inside the factory they saw a dozen children ages eight to twelve working and sewing in the factory. She used this personal experience to appeal to the audience’s emotions. Despite her first hand account she did not solely use her own experience and perspective. Instead she included a small paragraph to prove her point and provided multiple pieces of evidence to back her point up. Another first hand evidence used in her essay was an anecdote. This anecdote was about other people that have observed the factory and other stories that have been heard. For example she used a direct quote from Miuccia Prada, â€Å"There is a kind of an obsession with bags† â€Å"It s so easy to make money†. Prada’s quote is here to prove that counterfeits agree with the authentic retailers becau se as soon as a purse is released, they buy it and replicate and create a fakeShow MoreRelatedHow Junk Food Can End Obesity1498 Words   |  6 PagesFreedman’s article, â€Å"How Junk Food Can End Obesity† (2013), he begins by discussing his endeavors to search for wholesome food. He continues to come across food items that claim to be healthy and void of processed junk, but all he finds are items high in calories or the expense is too much for an average American. 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Their workload should also be decreased and examinations and projected extended to accommodate their disability. But they can be academically frustrated if they are not able to learn as fast as their normal classm ates. Autistic children have learning, comprehension and sensory disabilities

Affirmative Action At The United States - 1634 Words

â€Å"No, it’s not me, it’s you†¦ What’s wrong with you? Why, nothing. You have everything we are looking for, it’s just†¦you’re black†¦Ã¢â‚¬  First established in 1961, Affirmative action (in the United States) was/is a practice in which the purpose is to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women (Merriam Webster). Fast forward to today’s society and what is affirmative action now? Considering the prevalence of diversity in the workplace and in educational facilities, it should be of utmost importance that all people, regardless of race, are given the equal opportunity in the admissions and job application process; affirmative action would enforce that importance. However, many job applicants go to an†¦show more content†¦If affirmative action were to take place, people would have an equal opportunity to get hired for a job. As stated earlier, many people today get t urned down from jobs because of their race. No one should be disqualified from a job because of the pigment of their skin. Affirmative action was designed to give qualified minorities (African Americans and women) a chance to compete on equal ground with the upper class (Caucasians). However, affirmative action seems to be a distant memory rather than a current action. A University of Chicago graduate applying for a business money management position in Dallas told the Times of how one hiring manager became excited while talking to him over the phone about how lucky the company was to hear from someone with a top business school education. But once the company representatives met him and saw that he was African American, â€Å"Their eyes kind of hit the ceiling a bit. It was kind of quiet for 45 seconds.† The company’s interest in him quickly cooled (Miah). The law prohibits racial discrimination yet when the African American graduate presented himself before the compa ny that was â€Å"lucky to hear from someone with a top business school education† they quickly dismissed him. Why? Is it because he was an African American or did he â€Å"not meet company standards†. Minority workers have an unemployment rate twice that of Caucasians and hold dead end, low paying labor jobs. The reason most minorities cannot

Essay on The Kite Runner And A Separate Peace Essay Example For Students

Essay on The Kite Runner And A Separate Peace Essay An individual’s mental well being can greatly affect their character and the way they perceive things. In the novels The Kite Runner and A Separate Peace, the protagonists are boys who are infested by internal conflicts such as insecurities and emotions. In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, a boy lets his dad negatively affect his character, causing him to treat those around him in a cynical manner. Likewise, a boy from John Knowles’ A Separate Peace bases his character on whom he wishes to be, letting his unhealthy mental state consume him. Hence, explored through both novels, is how a person’s internal conflicts can lead to their downfall, whether as a result of their struggle with identity or their feelings towards others. In The Kite Runner, the protagonist Amir lets his surroundings create his identity rather than finding one on his own. In the beginning of the novel, Amir feels insecure about his identity and is always concerned about the way Baba, his father, treats him. Baba is a well respected man who enjoys sports, whereas Amir is a weak boy who only appreciates reading and writing stories. Because of their differences, Baba believes that â€Å"there is something missing in that boy. . and suggests â€Å"a boy who can’t stand up for himself becomes a man who can’t stand up to anything† (Hosseini 24). Upon hearing this, Amir feels he must try to satisfy Baba, which ultimately causes him to lose his own identity. Amir tries to prove himself worthy to Baba by betraying his best friend Hassan, which later changes him as a person and leads to consequences in his life. It is not until later in the novel that Amir realizes he â€Å"didn t want to sacrifice for Baba anymore† (134) as he is tired of living up to his father’s expectation. .s in the process.In conclusion, both The Kite Runner and A Separate Peace demonstrate how a person’s internal conflicts can lead to not only their own downfall, but the downfall of others as well, whether as a result of their struggle with identity or their feelings towards others. In both novels, the protagonists’ difficulty with defining who they are allows outside influences to govern them into a character that is not their own, causing them to be far off from who they really are. As well, the harsh feelings that they develop towards their closest peers serves as encouragement for their bitter actions that ultimately destroys their friendships and become memories that haunt them in life. Although these are the repercussions of suffering from internal conflicts, it may not be the end as one can always find ways to redeem themselves if they are willing to do so.

What Has The World Come To These Days It Often Seems Like Essays

What has the world come to these days? It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these is a major source of violence. In many peoples' living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why children are so mesmerized by this big glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Research shows that it is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. The research proves time and time again that aggression and television viewing do go hand in hand. The truth about television violence and children has been shown. Some are trying to fight this problem. Others are ignoring it and hoping it will go away. Still others don't even seem to care. However, the facts are undeniable. The studies have been carried out and all the results point to one conclusion: Television violence causes children to be violent and the effects can be life-long. The information can't be ignored. Violent television viewing does affect children. The effects have been seen in a number of cases. In New York, a 16-year-old boy broke into a cellar. When the police caught him and asked him why he was wearing gloves he replied that he had learned to do so to not leave fingerprints and that he discovered this on television. In Alabama, a nine-year-old boy received a bad report card from his teacher. He suggested sending the teacher poisoned candy as revenge as he had seen on television the night before. In California, a seven-year-old boy sprinkled ground-up glass into the the lamb stew the family was to eat for dinner. When asked why he did it he replied that he wanted to see if the results would be the same in real life as they were on television (Howe 72). These are certainly startling examples of how television can affect the child. It must be pointed out that all of these situations were directly caused by children watching violent television. Not only does television violence affect the child's youth, but it can also affect his or her adulthood. Some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child. This can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. As the child matures into an adult, he can become bewildered, have a greater distrust towards others, a superficial approach to adult problems, and even an unwillingness to become an adult (Carter 14). Television violence can destroy a young child's mind. The effects of this violence can be long-lasting, if not never-ending.For some, television at its worst, is an assault on a child's mind, an insidious influence tat upsets moral balance and makes a child prone to aggressive behavior as it warps his or her perception of the real world. Other see television as an unhealthy intrusion into a child's learning process, substituting easy pictures for the discipline of reading and concentrating and transforming the young viewer into a hypnotized nonthinker (Langone 48). As you can see, television violence can disrupt a child's learning and thinking ability which will cause life long problems. If a child cannot do well in school, his or her whole future is at stake. Why do children like the violence that they see on television? "Since media violence is much more vicious than that which children normally experience, real-life aggression appears bland by comparison" (Dorr 127). The violence on television is able to be more exciting and enthralling than the violence that is normally viewed on the streets. Instead of just seeing a police officer handing a ticket to a speeding violator, he can beat the offender bloody on television. However, children don't always realize this is not the way thing are handled in real life. They come to expect it, and when they don't see it the world becomes bland and in need of violence. The children then can create the violence that their mind craves. The television violence can cause actual violence in a number of ways. As explained above, after viewing television violence the world becomes bland in comparison. The child needs to create violence to keep himself satisfied (Dorr 127). Also the children find the violent characters on television fun to imitate. "Children do imitate the behavior of models such

Malcolm X & His Conversions essays

Malcolm X & His Conversions essays Malcolm X is still an icon today for the impact he had on the world over 25 years ago and in this essay I will provide a brief summary of his life along with an analysis of his character next to that of the convert social type. I will focus mainly on two times in his life. His conversion to Islam from within prison and his reaction to arriving in Mecca - some say his second conversion. Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, was born in 1925 in northern USA. While still very young his family was chased from their home by the Klu Klux Klan. The next home they moved to was burned to the ground by another racist group. They were left standing outside their home wearing nothing but the underwear they were sleeping in. Being the child with the lightest coloured skin in the family was, for Malcolm, both a blessing and a curse. His mother was harder on him because he served as a reminder of the white slave owner that raped her mother. His father was easier on him seeing him as comanding more respect for his light skin - a fact that Malcolm would later see as the brainwashing. When Malcolm was six his father was killed - run over by a car. The white-owned insurance company didn't pay out. After using all their savings and credit to support the family his mother was forced to turn to welfare, but this turned their situation into a state affair. At the age of twelve the state then separated Molcolm's family and his mother was comitted to a mental institution. This was the first form of institutional racism that Malcolm was exposed to. Malcolm was then sent to an integrated school where he was one on the only black pupils. He was one of the top student until one day, when asked what his desired profession was, he was told that, as a 'nigger', wanting to be a lawyer was an unrealistic dream. He was told carpentry was better suited for black people. All the white children where told to follow their dreams. (Cone, 1991) (Gallagher, 1990) After being r...

Animal Farm Essay Propaganda Example For Students | Artscolumbia

Animal Farm Essay Propaganda George Orwell was a great writer; he created a book with many different qualities. Animal Farm is an allegory, fable, and a satire. He made the characters in the novel relate to real people and events in history. Examples such allegory would be Animalism compared with Communism, Snowball compared with Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon compared to Joseph Stalin. Animalism in many ways does symbolize Communism. Animalism for the animals would be a perfect land, no rich, no poor, and everyone is equal. They all would own the same amount of the farm. No animal would be above any other animal. As in a communistic society, they would all work the same and receive the same. The government would own everything and they people would own the government. In both Animalism and Communism, their goal was a society in which the workers, not the capitalists, owned all the means of production. To reach this ideal situation, a transition period was needed, during which the government controlled the economy. The government guaranteed hospitalization, education, housing, and pension plans, as well as jobs. In Animal Farm, the animals did receive some of those features while Snowball was with them. The people, as well as animals, in turn, gave up every indication of freedom. Thus, everyone would share equally in the benefits of production, and everyone would have an equal share in the goods that were produced. The government (pigs), regardless of demand, determined supply. Everyone was forced to work, so there was no competition for jobs. The true costs of production were not known. Wages were completely arbitrary, as were prices of goods. Animalism was created to represent communism, and it succeeded well. Snowball represents Leon Trotsky from World War One. Snowball was young, smart, and a very good speaker. He was idealistic, and he wanted to make life for all animals easier and happier. Leon Trotsky also wanted to improve the life for all Russian people. For most of his life Leon Trotsky was a man without a country, banished from one land to another. He was exiled from many different countries. He organized the famous Red Army. Snowball was the plotter for the Battle of the Cowshed. Trotsky and Joseph Stalin struggled for leadership, as did Snowball and Napoleon. Snowball was chased away by Napoleons dogs. Trotsky was chased away by Lenins secret police (KGB). George Orwell had a great talent in creating such a character as Snowball to symbolize Leon Trotsky. As for Napoleon, he represented Joseph Stalin. Napoleon was not a good speaker, and was not as clever as Snowball was. He was cruel, brutal, selfish, devious, and corrupt. His ambition was for power. He used dogs, Moses, and Squealer to keep the animals in control. Joseph Stalin was also not a good speaker, and was not as educated like Trotsky. He and Napoleon did not follow Marxs ideas. He cared for power, and killed all that opposed him. He used KGB, allowed church, and propagandized. Stalin was probably the most ruthless and successful tyrant the world has known. Napoleon was also very cruel to the other animals. He created in the Soviet Union a totalitarian state in which the government controlled everythingall agriculture, all industry, the arts and sciences, sports, entertainment, the media, and religion, as did Napoleon to Animal Farm. To make sure that his commands were obeyed and that no one disagreed with him, Stalin employed a vast network of secret police. Napoleon had guard dogs around him to make sure the animals obeyed him at all times. The victims of his campaigns of political terror included some of his followers. Stalin exiled Trotsky from the Soviet Union in 1929 and had him assassinated in Mexico in 1940. Napoleon had his guard dogs chase off Snowball. Having dealt with the opposition Stalin, as well as Napoleon, was then supreme ruler. In a drive to industrialize and modernize the Soviet Union, he launched the first in a series of five-year plans in 1928. He declared, We are 50 to 100 years behind advanced countries. READ: Cotton Industry EssayWe must cover this distance in 10 years. Napoleon continued with Snowballs original plans to build the Windmill. Stalin ordered the collectivization of farms. When peasants resisted, he ordered the state to seize their land and possessions. Well-to-do farmers, called kulaks, especially resented collectivization. Determined to root out all opposition, Stalin showed no mercy to the rebellious kulaks. In 1932-33, he created a famine in Ukraine and liquidated some 3 million kulaks through death by starvation. Napoleon also created starvation by not feeding the other animals for everyday meals. Stalin, Claiming that a number of Red Army officers and scores of old Bolsheviks were plotting against the state, Stalin had them executed. Napoleon had animals killed that admitted to plotting against him. Once again, George Orwell created an almost exact duplicate of World War One legends. George Orwell surely created this book as an allegory, because of all the symbolism that was in this novel. Symbolism is a main quality of this book, and without one knowing the history of World War One, the book would just seem nothing more than a group of animals that talk and sing.

Aspects of Connected Speech - part 2 . research Thesis

Aspects of Connected Speech - part 2 . research - Thesis Example w?l] (ii) ‘No. I don’t think I will.’ Daniel: [w?l l l?s?n dn liv ?m ma? b?laf] (iii) ‘Well! Listen. Don’t leave on my behalf.’ [a? k? ?tz? ?ba?t? a?m ju? ?n? a? p s pas b?ha?nd ?s dn? ju das] (iv) ‘I think its about time you and I put this past behind us - don’t you Darc?’ [ lis? ste? f r? ?bde? drk w mi? j? ?m br h?] (v) ‘At least stay for a birthday drink with me and Bridg huh.’ Mark: [ba? brt] (vi) ‘Bye bridget’ Bridget: [mak] (vii) ‘Mark’ [wa? r ? ju h] (viii) ‘Why are you here?’ Daniel: [br a? s t?l? u wa j? a?m h] (ix) ‘Bridg I just told you why I’m here.’ [wa? w?z ma? wk? dasi h] (x) ‘Why was Mark wanker Darcy here?’ [ bl?di h?l we ? m?n?t hiz b?k] (xi) ‘Oh! Bloody hell! Wait a minute. He’s back.’ Mark: [?lra kliv r ? a?tsa?d] (xii) ‘Alright Cleaver, outside.’ Daniel: [a?m s?ri] (xiii) ‘Iâ€⠄¢m sorry?’ Mark: [a?tsa?d] (xiv) ‘Outside!’ Daniel: [d a? br ma? ?jul?m p?st?lz ? ma? s?d] (xv) ‘Should I bring my dualing pistols or my sword?’ [?lra h?l] (xvi) ‘Alright. ... The adjustment of the final nasal /n/ in ‘on’ to the bilabial articulation of /m/ in ‘my’ [?m ma?] in line (iii) is an instance of phonemic assimilation; the phoneme /n/ becomes the phoneme /m/ and thus shares the same attributes or features as the bilabial articulation of /m/. In this case, there is a single articulation of /m/ but it is lengthened in accordance with the final /m/ of the modified ‘on’ and the following initial /m/ of ‘my’. If the sound was not lengthened it would be heard as [?m a?], which is not considered natural to a native speaker of English. In line (v) we find another such assimilation with the words ‘and Bridg’, in which case the /d/ of ‘and’ is first dropped and the alveolar nasal /n/ assimilates with the following bilabial stop /b/; thus we find [?m br] instead of [?n br]. Similarly, phonemic assimilation is apparent in line (xv), which shows the final phoneme velar nasal /?/ in à ¢â‚¬Ëœdueling’ changing to the bilabial articulation of the initial bilabial /p/ in ‘pistols’ [?jul?m p?st?lz]; the nasal /?/ therefore shares the same attributes as the bilabial articulation of /p/. In line (ix) [t?l? u] we find further evidence of assimilation; this time however, it is likely the final alveolar /d/ of ‘told’ has assimilated in anticipation of the word initial palatal approximant /j/ of ‘you’ but because ‘you’ is unstressed the phonemes /d/ and /j/ have combined (coalesced) to arrive at [t?l? u]. This would be unlikely to happen if the word ‘you’ was stressed, wherein we would probably hear [t?l? ju]. In line (xv) we find further evidence of coalescent assimilation but this time within a word rather than across

Screening Medical Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Screening Medical Disorders - Essay Example Correspondingly, the data collected also provided idea that a considerable number of people need support during post-treatment phase owing to certain difficulties that are likely to arise. These types of criticalities have certain impacts on the patients that include both physical as well as psychological complications. Therefore, therapists aligned with providing effective care play a significant role to undertake these decisions during such emergency associated with surgeries or other critical diseases. Additionally, the physical therapists must possess adequate knowledge for providing proper medical treatment. Adequate knowledge about providing primary care enables the therapists to take proper care of the patients and assists them in recovering from their ailments. However, if the physical therapists lack technical knowledge regarding the surgical process or treating patients suffering from critical diseases then it is most likely that the patients are provided with a vague or im proper treatment. This might also add up to further deterioration of health and can lead to loss of life (Boissonnault, 2010; Fair, 2010). Additionally, the patients who have participated in the survey have considerable knowledge regarding surgery and other diseases that they are suffering. This further reflects that the primary care therapists taking care of the same are playing an effective role towards educating the patients about the diseases and providing knowledge about the probable treatments.

The Triumph of Les Misérables Essay -- Les Misérables Miserables Essay

The Triumph of Les Misà ©rables    Les Misà ©rables (1862), a novel set in early nineteenth century France, presents a story of obsessions in honor, love, and duty, and through it redemption and salvation. It is the story of the poor Jean Valjean, condemned to an unfair amount of time in prison and a life on the run for stealing a loaf of bread for his starving family. The kind act of forgiveness from a Bishop with whom Jean Valjean stays one night, changes the course in which he chooses to live his life. Under a different identity, he becomes wealthy from a business he starts and later is elected mayor of the small town of Montreuil. He falls madly in love with Fantine, one of the workers in his factory. Because Fantine, one of the very poorest and most pitiful residents of Montreuil, has a child born out of wedlock, Jean Valjean as the respected mayor must keep his love for her a secret. When Fantine dies unexpectedly, Jean Valjean vows he will raise her daughter Cosette, and shield her from all the evils in the wo rld. Through all of this, Jean Valjean is being pursued by Javert, a policeman whose entire life has been dedicated to finding Jean Valjean. While running from Javert, Jean Valjean and Cosette find themselves in Paris in the middle of the 1832 Revolution. As Cosette matures, she falls in love with Marius, a young revolutionist. Despite the objections of Jean Valjean, Cosette continues to secretly visit Marius at night. During the revolution, Marius is injured badly and Jean Valjean, after finding a love note from Marius to Cosette, quickly comes to the rescue of the wounded gentleman. Eventually Jean Valjean and Marius' Grandfather consent to the wedding of Cosette and Marius. In this novel, "there is a point at which... ...'s anguishes with obsession, help him to more effectively relate his novel, Les Misà ©rables, to the reader. In the book's ending, Jean Valjean dies knowing he is happy, content and prepared for his death. His adoration for Cosette has left her loving him and satisfied with the life he has helped her create. Before Jean Valjean dies, he says to Cosette and Marius, "I die happy. Let me put my hands upon you dear beloved heads" (399). Like Jean Valjean, Javert's obsessions rule his life, but with negative intentions rather than positive ones. Once Javert realizes his obsessions are nothing but empty promises, he too is empty and chooses to end his life. Three of the main characters of the story, find that their perseverance and obsession to have the life they wish for ends triumphantly. Bibliography Hugo, Victor. Les Misà ©rables. New York: Fawcett Premier. 1997.

Caryl Phillips Cambridge

In Caryl Phillips Cambridge, Phillips begins by introducing Emily, a young upper-class white woman, who is sent to the West Indies for three months to inspect her father's sugar plantation. By constructing the novel into several distinctive voices, he exposes to his readers multiple points of view surrounding the novel's fictional world. The first section of the novel is in the form of a journal, narrated by Emily herself, and gives readers a sense of Emily's identity through her depictions of her surroundings. Phillips takes a gendered narrative approach to explore eurocentric influence in the depictions of black womanhood during the African Diaspora and how it has affected the conceptualization of race in the past and present. Emily often finds the need to express her disgust of the appearances of black women. Setting forth towards her father's estate, Emily is accompanied by a white gentleman, a negro driver, and a negro woman. Observing the woman, Emily states, â€Å"Her toothless gums were visible through her thick and open lips, and her church hat failed to mask her sad, unfeminine baldness† (21). Emily justifies her revulsion of the woman's appearance based on her skewed perception of femininity. Because she does not meet eurocentric beauty ideals, her appearance is not seen on her own terms but rather criticized by someone who does not share her culture nor values. Emily uses the terms â€Å"toothless† and â€Å"bald† to highlight the black woman's unappealing features and therefore, she reinforces the idea that Black women are less feminine than other women. Such depictions take an immeasurable toll on Black women, who have to constantly challenge the notion that they are less feminine, that their blackness is something curious, or difficult to handle to white standards. Despite the fact that what is considered to be â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"beautiful† is constantly changing, it does so in a way that continues to revolve around a Eurocentric standards. Emily's faulty depictions preserve the idea that white people are superior in many ways to black people, and therefore, they have the right to assert their dominance over other races. In the past, science was used to justify â€Å"white supremacy,† where attributes of European culture were used to create a rationale for European authority. European slave traders used â€Å"scientific racism† to justify their preconceived notions that Blacks were not people but property, therefore they lacked basic fundamental rights. Upon arriving at the luncheon, Emily sets eyes on Christiana; unhappy with her presence, she orders the â€Å"coal-black, ape-woman† to leave. Emily suggests that Christiana's features and mannerisms are similar to those of an ape and that her race is not only inferior but scientifically less evolved. This passage goes above and beyond; it showcases how whites distanced race from the core values of both feminism and humanism, proving that both were based on the systematic ideology of slaveholders and their allies. Phillips shows readers that the idea that all human beings are born with basic human rights was not prevalent to Blacks during this period. European slave traders used their preconceived notions to justify that Africans served no other purpose but to work as slaves. This was a view of humanity that made life grueling for Black slaves in the Americas. Equating animals to blacks was a malicious and effective instrument of dehumanisation, which historically manifested a powerful weapon that Europeans used to justify the institution of slavery. Black physical features, especially black women's bodies and hair, have been devalued for centuries. The idea that blackness exists outside the realm of beauty was imposed by whites who constructed a hierarchy that privileged those with lighter skin, and straighter hair where Blacks could not meat this ideal of femininity. Emily, stopping to observe the black men and women washing clothes with their bare hands, can't help but comment on the appearance of the women. â€Å"The appearance of the females was truly disgusting to me†¦one woman, her hair matted with filth, and, I imagine, her flesh host to countless forms of infestation, stood in a condition of total nudity in the centre of the stream..† The standards of white beauty created a barrier for Black women to attain it because it did not apply to most Black women thus, American femininity has existed behind the image of a white women. When Emily inadequately associates â€Å"natural hair† with the her own terms, she sets standards for physical characteristics that represent her race, failing to include anyone that doesn't meet her skewed notions what constitutes a feminine woman. As a result, for years, Black women have taken part in many practices that attempt to mask their physical features in accordance with socially accepted conventions influenced by Whiteness. Emily's negative depictions of Black women stems from conditions of her privilege. Through Emily, Phillips shows readers how White's responded to black womanhood in the nineteenth century. What constituted a Black woman was directly related to the control that Whites had over them. Racism was at work, reinforcing the conception of whiteness while at the same time, deconstructing blackness.

Research Papers on Resource Allocation In Business

The key to success of any project or rather business venture is efficient resource management. Efficient resource management involves many aspects but the major one is resource allocation. It is important to note that economic resources are always limited and for this reason, it is very crucial to design mechanisms on how best to use of these limited resources. Resource allocation refers to the way resources are to be utilized in any given organization to obtain maximum or rather optimum output. Baumol Blinder, (2008) asserts that, according to the classical economists, scarce resources can be efficiently allocated to alternative users through a competitive mechanism. Depending on how resource allocation is done, it can have either a positive or negative impact on the outcome any business activities. If resources are well allocated in any business venture there are high chances that positive results are to be realized. For example, there will be no wastage of resources due to the fact that the right amount of resources will be dedicated to the right people or department within the organization, (Daft Marcic, 2008). In this particular case for instance, employing a good number of personnel in the restraint will help save costs on employees and at the same time ensuring that there is smooth running of events within the restraint. Additionally, efficient allocation of resources will help save time, reduces chances of incurring losses, increased output, and lastly chances of attaining optimum profits are increased. On the hand, inefficient allocation of resources will lead to resource wastage and failure to meet the objectives of the business. In conclusion, there are a number of ways in which resource allocation can be carried. The major and most efficient way is through a competitive mechanism. In this case, resources are allocated to departments within the organization according to their importance in the business. As Baumol Blinde (2008) argue, the most important departments are given priority first before any other department. In this way, resources will be well managed to achieve optimum output. References Baumol, W. J Blinder, A. S. (2008). Microeconomics: Principles and Policy. New Jersey: Cengage Learning. Daft, L. R Marcic, D. (2008). Understanding Management. New Jersey: Cengage Learning.

Ethical Decision Making Essay - 638 Words

Changes in health care and society have led to new and increased awareness of the ethical dimension of nursing and its impact on the delivery of high-quality care (Coverston Rogers, 2000). In their daily practice, nurses are constantly confronted with decision-making that is ethical in nature. An ethical dilemma is a situation wherein moral precepts or ethical obligations conflict in such a way that any possible resolution to the dilemma is morally intolerable. In other words, an ethical dilemma is any situation in which guiding moral principles cannot determine which course of action is right or wrong. One of the systematic approaches available to nurses in solving ethical dilemma is the ethical decision-making model presented below. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Julie is a teenager who likes to party like every teenager, but has a serious medical problem. Julie visits the public health department regularly and is trying to control her diabetes. In addition, she has the knowledge to adjust her diet to compensate the extra carbohydrates consumed through alcohol. Adhering to principles of autonomy and beneficence are foundational to the ethical decision-making process. Respecting a patients’ autonomy means the patient has the right to make choices regarding care and treatment, regardless of medical opinions and other recommendations (Parker, 2007). Nurse takes into consideration Julie’s right to autonomy and considers appropriate approaches to the situation. Nurse further makes the decision and provides Julie with educational material on alcohol use and uncontrolled diabetes. Nurse provides education on diet and diabetes control. The nurse, as patient advocate, plays an important role in commu nicating and supporting the wishes of the patient, even when doing so may be against the opinions of the family and physician (Parker, 2007). Thus the nurse in Julie’s case, honor her wishes, but provide her the relevant educational material on diabetes and alcohol use to help her in decision making process. Finally, communication skills are essential to establish and maintain effective working relationships. The nurse regularly communicates with Julie toShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1496 Words   |  6 PagesFacing Ethical Decisions How does a person determine what is right or wrong when making a decision? Most people faced with an ethical decision usually revert to their personal values that hopefully guide them through the decision-making process. Assessing values and morals are an important role when making ethical decisions and how others view a person after making that decision. â€Å"Once we grasp the underlying concepts of making important decisions, we need to know how to apply them.† (Fisher, 2005)Read MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1047 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decision-Making The first step in the CPA (2000) ethical decision-making model is identification of the individuals and groups potentially affected by the decision. In the ethical scenario I presented earlier, the individuals directly involved and likely to be most affected by the decision include the 54-year old woman and myself as the counsellor. Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agencyRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). In order to create a company wide culture of ethics, employees must believe that the organization has a desire to be ethical and see proof of this fromRead Moreethical decision making1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Ethical- Decision Making University of the Rockies Mabel Drafton Abstract Countertransference is how therapists distort the way they perceive and react to a client (Corey, Corey, and Callanan, 2011). 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Therefore, it calls for ethical and critical decision-making skills so as to make the most appropriate option that bears moreRead MoreEthical Decision Mak ing3508 Words   |  15 Pagesare some times when there is no choice but to make decisions with possible ethical consequences at some point in any human services career when an ethical dilemma is faced. If one chooses not to make a decision, it is a decision itself (Keith-Spiegel Koocher , 2010). In this paper, I am concerned with applied ethics and decision making using framework for a positive decision in presented scenario (Appendix) which guide the conduct for decisions based on theories about what is morally right or wrongRead MoreEthical Decision Making : The Ethical Dilemma901 Words   |  4 PagesEthical decision making is vital to the operation of any organization. Organizations that operate unethically can face step fines, civil suites and even jail time. Furthermore, and most importantly, companies that are considered ethical, are better at attracting customers, qualified employees and even have an easier time raising capital (Robinson, 2014). Organizations must ensure that everyone within their business operates ethically and understands what to do when faced with ethical dilemmas andRead MoreThe Moral Decision Making : An Ethical Decision1517 Words   |  7 PagesEthical decision-making is a vital part of my critical thinking, serving as a constant factor or th eme throughout the process. History is full of leaders who, more than likely, were extraordinary critical thinkers capable fully dedicated to making solid decisions. However, a great decision developed through critical thinking does not equate to the â€Å"right† decision or an ethical decision. For example, one could argue Adolf Hitler and his inner circle were exceptional critical thinkers capable ofRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethics982 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Decision-Making Georgeanne M. Battle University of the Rockies Ethical Decision-Making By selecting an ethical dilemma case from our text Corey, Corey, Callanan, (2011), I will discuss how to apply systematic steps toward the resolution of the dilemma. While the case is under review the steps that I would take in making an ethical decision will be explained. Also, how to include the client in making the decision will be studied. I will look at what ways is accounting for the APA EthicsRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Consequences Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Decision Making and Consequences There are many decisions, both positive and negative that can be made by an instructor, when faced with the dilemma of plagiarism. As an educator, it is our job to teach and hopefully reach the decision making process that might have led them to do this and enhance their own feelings about their ability to do the right thing. The approach an instructor takes can make a strong, proficient and competent professional or it can make a bitter, resentful person

Jesus And Gandhi On Poverty Essay - 1656 Words

Jesus and Mahatma Gandhi on Poverty Introduction: Poverty a worldwide problem that affects everybody who deals with the situation. People living in poverty are at the lowest of the lowest in the social, economic and political class. Another word for poverty is the slums. In today’s world there is an estimate of three-billion people that live in poverty. The average poverty person live off of just $2.50 a day. One third of the people that live in poverty are children. Over twenty-two thousand children die due to poverty. People lose their everyday life due to living in poverty. Those are just some facts that gave me interest on this topic to see a sense of understanding of it. The number one killer in the world today is hunger. The way the world is set up, nobody should die from hunger. There is a way provide food for the people in poverty. I personally feel that with some effort as nation, the United Nations can stop world hunger. Farming and manufacturing is too efficient to have people go without food. Instead of having wars on materialistic things in search of power, we should be helping people in need instead letting people lose their life due to hunger. Similarity: â€Å"Christianity is a monotheistic religion that is based on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus† (Fisher302). This religion is currently the largest religion in the world with a population over 2.4 billion followers are currently known as Christians. In Christianity, poverty living couldShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhis Leadership Styles1655 Words   |  7 Pageslead. Mahatma Gandhi is a world renowned leader who was a politician, a writer, an intellectual and a gifted orator. I find it incredible that as a young boy, Gandhi did not display any leadership qualities. He was a below average student (lack-luster) and very shy. His remarkable metamorphosis from a dull boy to a brilliant leader attests to the fact that good leaders are made. He has inspired and motivated great leaders such as Albert Einstein, Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama. Gandhi championed passionatelyRead MorePoverty : A Problem That Affects Everyone Who Deals With The Situation Essay1650 Wo rds   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Poverty a worldwide problem that affects everybody who deals with the situation. People living in poverty are at the lowest of the lowest in the social, economic and political class. Another word for poverty is the slums. In today’s world there is an estimate of three-billion people that live in poverty. The average poverty person live off of just $2.50 a day. One third of the people that live in poverty are children. Over twenty-two thousand children die due to poverty. People loseRead MoreComparation of Gandhi to Socrates, to buddha, to Jesus and to St. Fancis of Assisi924 Words   |  4 PagesMahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand) â€Å"Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever walked upon this earth in flesh and blood†. -Albert Einstein Throughout history most national heroes have been warriors, but Gandhi was a passive and peaceful preacher of morals, ethics, and beliefs. He was an outsider who ended British rule over India without striking a blow. Moreover, Gandhi was not skillful with any unusual artistic, scholarly, or scientific talents. He never earnedRead MoreRelevance of Gandhi in Modern Era1625 Words   |  7 PagesRelevance of Gandhi in Modern Times | | by  Rajen Barua | |    | Looking at the present state of affairs in India, the birthplace of Gandhi, one would probably surmise that Gandhism, whatever the term may mean, cannot have any relevance in modern times. Gandhi is called the Father of the Nation who, single handedly stood up against the mighty British Empire, without any arms, and brought her independence. However, today, just after 60 years of his assassination, Gandhi is remembered in IndiaRead MoreMahatma Gandhi As A Pragmatism1136 Words   |  5 PagesMahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi) was born on 2nd October 1869 at Porbander Gujarat. Ghandi was born into a middle-class family, he had his early education at Rajkot, he married to Kasturba. Then he went to England for higher studies. He was an average student in his early childhood. He returned to India as barrister. He went to south Africa and did practice as a lawyer. He fought for the rights of Indians living there. He left his practice and came back to India. He had worked for the Read MorePoverty Of Poverty1910 Words   |  8 Pages Why is poverty a problem and can it be avoided? Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty is a multifaceted concept, which may include social, economic, and political elements. There is a need to identify the causes of poverty to create a change. However, even considering the individual histories and circumstances of countries and regions, there are significant trends in the causes of poverty. The main causes of poverty are history, discriminationRead MoreShould Religious Leaders Be Political Leaders1210 Words   |  5 Pagesmoral and ethical grounds, focusing on the practical aspect of living Mahatma Gandhi is also remembered as a successful religious and political leader where to end the devastating famine and poverty in India, Gandhi organized detailed survey and study, based upon which he began leading the cleaning of the villages, building of schools and hospitals, encouraging villagers to condemn and combat many social evils. 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As I have loved you, so you must love one another’ but depending on the situation, would it be our fault for self-defence? If one was to strike at our family, would you strike him/her with a weapon? When Jesus was arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane, his disciples wanted to defend him, yet Jesus claimed not to fight and put away the swords, ‘When Jesus’ followers saw what was going to happenRead MoreI Have a Dream: Rhetorical Analysis865 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I Have a Dream† Rhetorical Analysis Five elements of rhetoric: * Speaker: Martin Luther King Jr., a Baptist minister from Atlanta, Georgia, who was inspired by Christianity and Gandhi. * Audience: Primarily African-Americans were present at the speech, but it was heard by many white Americans across the country. * Subject: A call for an end to racism in the United States. * Context: The speech was given on August 28, 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, in a time where it was very difficult

Storm Born Chapter Eight Free Essays

The keep was like a cross between Sleeping Beauty’s castle and a gothic church. Towers jauntily sprang up to impossible heights, creating black patches across the evening sky. We’d lost our light now, but I could still see that a lot of the windows looked as though they contained stained glass. We will write a custom essay sample on Storm Born Chapter Eight or any similar topic only for you Order Now I imagined they’d be beautiful in full sunlight. And framing everything, of course, were those brilliant, yellow-orange trees. Volusian had told me that the kingdoms’ seasons were dependent on their rulers’ whims and could last for extremely long times. This was beautiful, but I couldn’t imagine living in a place that was perpetually autumn. I knew some claimed Arizona was perpetually summer, but, then, the people who said that didn’t actually live there. The seasons were subtle, but they were there. I had to keep reminding myself I wasn’t in some kind of wacky movie as Rurik and his gang led us through twisted hallways lit with torches. People passed, giving us curious looks as they went about whatever one did in a medieval castle. Churning butter. Flogging peasants. I really didn’t know, and I didn’t care. I just wanted to get out of there. â€Å"Wait here,† Rurik told us when we reached a large set of double oak doors. â€Å"I will speak to the king before you’re shown into the throne room.† Wow. An honest-to-goodness throne room. He disappeared behind the doors, and a couple guards watched us but kept their distance. â€Å"Volusian,† I said softly, â€Å"did you purposely lead us here?† â€Å"My only purpose, mistress, is to keep you alive. Being here will increase your chances.† â€Å"You didn’t answer the question.† â€Å"You will also increase your chances,† he continued, â€Å"if you are nice to King Dorian.† â€Å"Nice? They just assaulted me and threatened to rape me.† He gave me an exasperated look. â€Å"The king will see you now,† said Rurik dramatically, returning from inside the room. He held the door open for us. Trumpets wouldn’t have surprised me. The throne room was not what I expected. Sure, there was a dais with a chair on it, just like in the movies, but the rest of the room was in a state of disarray. A large space ran through the middle, for dancing or processions, perhaps, but the rest had an almost lounge sort of look. Small couches, chaises, and chairs were arranged around low tables set with goblets and platters of fruit. Men and women, again dressed in sort of a goth-Renaissance style, draped themselves on the furniture and on each other, picking idly at the fruit as they watched me. I was put in mind of the way Romans used to dine. More than gentry lounged around, however. Spirits and sprites and trowes and wraiths were also in attendance, along with an assortment of Otherworld creatures. The monsters of human imagining, side by side with magical refugees who had immigrated to this world. I wondered then if any other shaman had been this far into gentry society. I remembered Roland’s warning, that I could be taken right into the heart of their world. If only our kind had some sort of scholarly journal. The Journal of Shamanic Assassination and Otherworldly Encounters. I could have used this â€Å"research† to write a compelling article to share with my fellow professionals. Conversation dropped to a low hum as the gentry leaned over and whispered to each other, eyes on me. Smirks and scowls alike lit their faces, and I put on the blank expression I would wear going to meet a new client. Meanwhile, my pulse raced into overdrive and breathing became a bit difficult. Volusian trailed near me on one side while Rurik walked on the other. Wil and the others moved behind us. â€Å"Why all these people?† I murmured to Volusian. â€Å"Is he having a party?† â€Å"Dorian is a social king. He likes keeping people around, most likely so he can mock them. He keeps a full court and regularly invites his nobles to dine here.† We came to a stop. On the throne sat a man, Dorian, I presumed. He looked bored. He leaned into the arm of his chair, one elbow propped on it so he could rest his chin in his hand. It sort of made him view us at an angle. Long auburn hair, reminiscent of the trees outside, hung around him, highlighted with every shade of red and gold conceivable. He could have been autumn incarnate. He had the most perfect skin I’d ever seen in such a vivid redhead: smooth and ivory, with no freckles or rosy color. A cloak of forest-green velvet covered unremarkable dark pants and a loose, white button-up shirt. He had well-shaped cheekbones and delicate features. â€Å"Kneel before the king,† ordered Rurik, â€Å"and get used to being on your knees.† I gave him a withering glance. He smiled. â€Å"I’ll be happy to make you,† he warned. â€Å"Bah, enough. Leave her in peace,† intoned Dorian laconically. He didn’t change posture. Only his eyes portrayed any sort of interest in these goings-on. â€Å"If she’s been with you for the last hour, she deserves a break. Go sit down.† Rurik’s smugness flashed to embarrassment, but he bowed before the throne and backed off. That left Dorian and me staring at each other. He grinned. â€Å"Well, come here. If you won’t kneel, I at least want to get a good look at the ‘terrible monster’ they’ve brought to me. They all seem quite afraid of you. I confess, I didn’t really believe it was you when they told me. I thought Rurik had been into the mushrooms again.† â€Å"Do you know how many of our people she has killed and forcibly banished, sire?† exclaimed Shaya from somewhere behind me. â€Å"She took out three in under a minute just now.† â€Å"Yes, yes. She’s quite terrifying. I can see that.† Dorian looked at me expectantly. I shook my head. â€Å"I’m not moving until you offer us hospitality.† This made him sit up. He kept smiling. â€Å"She’s clever too, though, admittedly, asking for hospitality before you crossed our humble threshold would have been more clever still since any of my subjects could have attacked you just now.† He shrugged. â€Å"But we’ve made it this far. So, tell me, Eugenie, why – er, wait. Do you prefer Eugenie or Miss Markham?† I considered. â€Å"I prefer Odile.† That smile twitched. â€Å"Ah. We’re still clinging to that, are we? Very well, then, Odile, tell me what brings the shining ones’ most feared enemy to my door, asking for hospitality. As you might imagine, this is without precedence.† I glanced around at all the watching, listening people. Ignore them, ignore them, an inner voice whispered. Focus on Dorian for now. â€Å"I don’t really want to talk about it in front of the peanut gallery. I’d rather meet with you in private.† â€Å"Oh.† He pitched his voice for the crowd. â€Å"Well, well. Odile wants to meet with me in private.† I blushed, hating myself for doing it. Nervous laughter ran around the room, soon growing stronger and more confident as the king’s did. Interesting, I thought. I remembered Volusian’s comments about Dorian, and his soldiers’ hesitation about his wrath. These gathered people were sheep, obviously, ready to dance or laugh at Dorian’s command, but suddenly I wondered if they were sheep who also feared the whims of their capricious shepherd. I wondered if I should be afraid too. I kept my silence, not acknowledging his joke. He leaned forward, putting both elbows on his knees, letting his chin rest in both hands now. â€Å"If I offer you hospitality, you must reciprocate in kind. I’ll see that no one harms you in my household, but in return, you can harm no one under my roof.† I glanced back at Volusian. â€Å"You didn’t mention that.† â€Å"Oh, for God’s sake,† he hissed, displaying a rare loss of patience. â€Å"What did you expect? Take it before your imminent death becomes more imminent and robs me of my chance to kill you myself.† I turned back to Dorian. I didn’t like this turn of events. I didn’t like being in a nest of gentry, nor did I want to be at one’s mercy. Why was I here again? In my head, I summoned an image of little Jasmine Delaney, imagining her being tormented in a similar way over at Aeson’s court. Only she would be subject to more than just mockery. â€Å"I accept,† I said. Dorian regarded me in silence and then nodded. â€Å"As do I.† He looked up at the crowd. â€Å"Odile Dark Swan is now under the protection of my hospitality. Anyone who so much as lays a finger on her will get his own fingers chopped off and fed back to him.† He issued the threat with as much cheer as Volusian might have. A buzz spread through the crowd, not entirely pleased. â€Å"What’s to keep her from breaking her oath?† I heard someone mutter. Another said loudly, â€Å"She could slay us all!† Dorian’s eyes flicked back to me. â€Å"Did you have any idea what a creature of nightmare you are around here? Mothers tell their children Odile Dark Swan will come for them if they’re bad.† â€Å"Hey, I don’t seek them out. I only come for them if they come for me first.† â€Å"Interesting,† he said, arching an eyebrow. â€Å"But if that’s how you like it, so be it. I always admire women who know what they want in the bedroom.† â€Å"Hey, that’s not what I – † I hadn’t realized the extent to which our slang had permeated the gentry world. Theirs was a reflection of my own; things seeped through. He cut me off with a gesture. â€Å"I gave you hospitality, now come up here. I want to see the terror that haunts the darkness.† I hesitated, both from distrust and defiance to his taunting. Volusian’s voice whispered in my ear. â€Å"He will not harm you now that he’s given his word.† â€Å"I don’t know if I can really believe that.† â€Å"I do.† My minion’s voice was calmly serious. â€Å"You know I can’t lie to you.† Turning back to Dorian, I took the steps until I stood at the same level as his chair. I met his gaze evenly. â€Å"Look at those eyes,† he sighed happily. â€Å"Like violets in the snow. You smell like them too.† Beyond us, I heard another rise of murmurs in the crowd. â€Å"What’s got them all worked up now?† They couldn’t hear our discourse. His own eyes danced. They were golden-brown, the color of autumn leaves falling from the trees. â€Å"You’ve broken protocol. They expected you to stop one step lower. Instead, you’ve put yourself at the same level as me. The fact that I’m not chastising you means I’m treating you as an equal, like royalty. You should be flattered.† I crossed my arms. â€Å"I’ll be more flattered when we have the private talk.† He tsked me. â€Å"So impatient. So human. You’ve asked for my hospitality. You can’t expect me to not give it now.† He made a gesture with his hands, and spirit servants appeared, bearing serving platters of food. For some reason, I suddenly started thinking of the song â€Å"Hotel California.† â€Å"We were about to eat when you so kindly dropped in. Dine with us, and then we’ll have as many ‘private encounters’ as you like.† â€Å"I’m not stupid. I won’t eat anything in the Otherworld. You have to know that.† He shrugged, still sprawled out on his throne like a comfortable cat. â€Å"Your loss. You can sit and watch, then.† He rose gracefully and offered me his hand. I stared at it blankly. Shaking his head with mirth, he simply walked with me down the steps, not touching. â€Å"Where’s the rest of my group?† â€Å"Your servants and human friend are safe, I assure you. We’ve given them their own accommodations since they don’t have a guest-of-honor seat at my table, that’s all.† He beckoned toward a low, polished table, a bit larger than the others in the room. Like the rest, it was surrounded by sumptuous-looking chairs and sofas, patterned in bright brocades and velvets. Dorian settled down onto a small loveseat and patted the spot beside him. â€Å"Keep me company?† I didn’t dignify that with an answer, instead sitting down in the chair next to his sofa. It was a single seat. No one could sit with me. We were soon joined by about a dozen others, including Rurik and Shaya. She reported to Dorian that the people I’d injured had been healed and were recovering. True to my word, I didn’t eat any of the food set out before us, but I confess, it looked pretty good. Stuffed Cornish game hens. Fresh bread with steam still rising from it. Desserts I would have committed murder for. But I didn’t give in. One of the first rules of the game was to never eat outside your own world. Stories and myths abounded about those foolish enough to ignore that precaution. The other diners tried hard to pretend I didn’t exist, but Dorian was fascinated by me. Worse, he flirted with me. At least he wasn’t as crass as every other gentry I seemed to encounter, but I didn’t rise to any of it – even if it was charming at times. I took it all in with a stoic face, which seemed to delight him that much more. The other women at the table were less resistant. Any look, any word, and they practically melted with lust. In fact, many other people in the room also seemed to melt with lust. Very explicitly so. During and after dinner, I watched as people – couples usually, but sometimes more – touched each other brazenly. It was like being in junior high again. Some of it was just kissing. Some of it was heavy groping – a hand fondling the breast or sliding up the thigh. And some of it was†¦more. Across the room, I saw one woman climb on top of a man and straddle him, moving up and down. I was pretty sure they had nothing on beneath the voluminous folds of her skirt. At a table nearby, one woman was on her knees in front of a man, and she was – I hastily averted my eyes, turning back to my own table. I found Dorian’s gaze on me and knew he scrutinized my every reaction. Through some unspoken command, a blond slip of a woman slid into the empty seat beside him, the one I had refused. She draped a leg over his lap and wrapped her arms around him, kissing his neck. He moved one hand up her leg, pushing up the skirt to reveal smooth flesh, but he otherwise seemed oblivious to her as he regarded me and the other guests. Aside from the free love and utterly medieval setting, there was almost something, well, normal about this place. The gentry I’d run into were always causing trouble in my world. Luring humans. Using magic indiscriminately. But this was like any other social occasion or party. People knew each other and regarded their friends with warmth. They discussed love and children and politics. True, they were still foreign and other to me, but I could also almost see them as human. Almost. Needing to do more than sit there and stare, I reached into my coat and pulled out one of the two Milky Way bars I’d brought along. It was also a utilitarian move, seeing as how I was so hungry from watching all the feasting around me. Dorian immediately became intrigued. â€Å"What is that?† I held it up. â€Å"It’s a Milky Way. It’s†¦candy.† I didn’t really know what else to say about it. I wasn’t even sure what was in it. Nougat? I had no idea what the hell that foamy stuff was, save that it was delicious. He eyed it curiously, and I broke off a piece, tossing it over to him. He caught it deftly. â€Å"Your majesty,† exclaimed one of the men, â€Å"don’t eat it. It’s not safe.† â€Å"It won’t hurt me here,† rebuked Dorian in annoyance. â€Å"And don’t even start in about poison or I’ll let Bertha the cook have her way with you again.† The man promptly shut up. Dorian popped the piece into his mouth, chewing thoughtfully. Watching the expressions his face went through was almost hilarious. It took him awhile to work through all that gooey scrumptiousness, and I fostered a compelling image of him with saltwater taffy. â€Å"Entertaining,† he declared when he’d finished. â€Å"What’s in it?† â€Å"I don’t know. Some chocolate and caramel. A bunch of stuff sort of fused into other stuff.† One woman, her hair curly and brown, fixed me with a combative look. â€Å"That’s so typical of them. They twist nature and the elements for the sake of their perverted creations until they no longer know what it is they do. They are an offense to the divine, bringing forth monstrosities and abominations they cannot control.† A snappy retort rose to my lips, but I bit it off. Volusian had warned me to be nice. In light of their relatively civilized behavior at dinner, I could do no less, so my voice stayed calm. â€Å"Our monstrosities do great things. We can fix injuries you can’t. We have plumbing and electricity. We have transportation that makes your horses look like dinosaurs.† â€Å"Like what?† asked one of the men. â€Å"Bad analogy,† I replied. Shaya shook her head. â€Å"We can achieve many of the same results with magic.† â€Å"Magic couldn’t do much against my gun earlier.† â€Å"Our people survived. Only a human would brag about her ability to wield death.† â€Å"And you in particular would have good reason to,† pointed out Rurik. â€Å"No other human in memory has killed as many of our kind – spirits or shining ones – as you. You would have killed me last week if you’d had the strength. You would have killed our people in the woods today if you could have.† â€Å"I don’t always kill. I even avoid it if I can. But sometimes I have to, and when I do†¦well, then, that’s the way it goes.† Glowers regarded me all around the table. Only Dorian’s face stayed politely curious. â€Å"Rumor has it you’ve killed your own kind too,† he noted. â€Å"Doesn’t it keep you up at night to have so much blood on your hands?† I leaned back in my chair, as always trying to keep my emotions off my face. It did bother me sometimes, but I didn’t want them to know. I hadn’t killed many humans – only a handful, really – and most of it had been self-defense. They’d been humans working with gentry or other creatures to do harm in my world. That had justified the kills in some ways, but I could never ignore that I was taking a life. A human life. A life like my own. The first time I’d seen the light fade out of someone’s eyes – wrought by my hand – I’d had nightmares for weeks. I’d never told Roland about that, and I certainly wasn’t going to tell this group. â€Å"Actually, Dorian, I sleep very well, thank you.† â€Å"It’s King Dorian,† hissed a plump man across from me. â€Å"Show respect.† Dorian smiled. The others glared further. â€Å"The gods will punish a murderer like you,† warned one of the women. â€Å"I doubt it. I don’t murder anyone. I defend. Everyone I’ve killed was doing damage to my world or – in the case of those humans – helping your kind cause harm. Those who merely trespass, I don’t kill. I just send them back. It’s not your world, so I protect my own. That’s not a crime.† Dorian sent the blonde away with a quick motion of his hand and leaned over the couch so he could speak closer to me. â€Å"But you know it was once our world too.† â€Å"Yes. And your ancestors left it.† Shaya eyed me, cheeks flushing. â€Å"We were driven out.† Dorian ignored the outburst. â€Å"You gave us no choice. Once we were all one people. Then your ancestors turned away from the power within and sought it without. They built. They subdued nature. They created things with their hands and the elements that we had only thought magic capable of. Some even surpassed what magic could do.† â€Å"So what’s wrong with that?† â€Å"You tell me, Odile. Has it been worth it? You can’t have it both ways. The ability to force ‘magic’ from the world killed the magic within. Your lives shortened as a result compared to ours. Your sense of wonder disappeared, short of anything that can be proven by numbers and facts. Your people will soon have no gods but their machines.† â€Å"And despite all this,† observed Shaya bitterly, â€Å"humans continue to flourish. Why haven’t they been cursed? Why do they spawn like cats and dogs while our numbers suffer? They are the abominations, not us.† â€Å"Their short lives, their burning need to create before they die, drive that. Their bodies can’t help but produce life so readily. We do not feel that urgency.† Dorian grinned. â€Å"Well, physically we do, but subconsciously†¦our souls know we have time.† â€Å"That’s another wonder of modern medicine. We can help the infertile.† Dorian frowned, again more curious than angry. â€Å"Enlighten us.† I hesitated, suddenly regretting my comment. In as brief a way as I could, I explained artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. Even Dorian had trouble stomaching that one. â€Å"This is how your numbers grow?† asked a woman near Shaya. Her voice was an awed whisper. â€Å"Only for some,† I told her. â€Å"Most don’t need it. If anything, I think we have too many babies.† Seeing their shocked faces, I felt a little bad about upsetting them with all this. After all, I was a big advocate of respecting cultural diversity. Yet that core belief of mine wavered around these people. Maybe that was unfair, but I had spent my life being taught that they were not human. They might seem so now, but I didn’t think one dinner could truly alter my ingrained views. Shaya shook her head, face pale. â€Å"This, then, is what has displaced us from our homeland. These are the things that forced us from the place we came from and into the world of spirits and lost souls. We lost to twisted creatures who breed easily, who rape and pillage the earth in homage to their metal gods.† â€Å"Look, I’m sorry it upsets you all so much, but that’s how it is. You guys lost. You have to deal. You did an okay job fighting, I guess. You still show up in a lot of fairy tales and myths. But you still lost. History’s like that. There are wars, and unfortunately, in the end, who wins and who loses is more important than who’s right or wrong.† â€Å"Are you saying your people were wrong, then?† asked Dorian quietly. â€Å"No,† I said with certainty. â€Å"Absolutely not.† â€Å"You’re very loyal to your own kind.† â€Å"Of course I am. I’m human. There’s no choice there – especially when your people do nothing but cause trouble for mine when they cross over.† â€Å"Look around this room. Of those gathered†¦I would say only less than twenty have ever visited your world. And of those, only a small amount ’caused trouble.’ You have degenerates in your world too. Yet, you wouldn’t use them to define your entire race as bad.† â€Å"No,† I agreed. â€Å"But I’d still punish them. Look, maybe I’m overly jaded toward your kind, but then, the only ones I’ve ever met have been the deviants. It’s hard not to judge.† Dorian stared at me for a long time, and I couldn’t read him. Everyone else looked like they would have killed me on the spot, if not for the hospitality prohibition. I wondered if I’d made Dorian mad enough to regret giving his oath. His thoughtful face changed to its typical expression, the perpetually amused and lazy one. He rose from his couch, sweeping the cloak behind him. Everyone else hastily followed suit. I took my time getting up. â€Å"I thank you all for a lovely evening, but I must take my leave now.† He spoke loudly, so that his words carried to more than just our table. Conversation in the room dropped. â€Å"I daresay my guest is growing restless and eager for some privacy, and I do so hate to disappoint.† The toadies laughed appreciatively, and I steeled myself not to blush again. Dorian glanced at me as we slowly walked out of the hall. â€Å"If I offered my hand again, I don’t suppose you’d take it?† â€Å"Not a chance. I don’t want to give them any ideas.† â€Å"Oh. Well. I’m afraid it’s too late for that, once they see where we’re going.† I cut him a warning look. â€Å"Where are we going?† â€Å"Why, to the most private of places. My bedroom, of course.† How to cite Storm Born Chapter Eight, Essay examples

Integrated Marketing Communications Campaing A Case of Surfers Again

Question: Describe about the Integrated Marketing Communications Campaing, a Case of Surfers Against Sewage? Answer: 1. Proposed campaign title The major income of the SAS charity results from the monetary contribution of the existing members of the foundation. However, the decrease in the number of members has required the foundation to undertake the promotional activities concerning recruitment and retention of members (Hackley, 2010). In this regard, the following will be an appropriate tagline to define the situation to the target market - No water, No life Be a priceless volunteer and save the oceans. 2. Communications context a. The market The charity or voluntary sector in UK is referred to as the third sector or the nonprofit sector. As per the reports of Forbes around one, 80,000 charities are registered in UK and all the charity operates based on the membership fees and individual donations. Some of the major operating charity foundations in UK are namely Alzheimers society, British Red Cross, Macmillan Cancer Support, National Trust and Age UK (Ivanov, 2012) . The Bloomberg financial reports shows that the consumer spending on the charitable institutions have reduced by one fifth since 2012 however the demand for charitable services have increased which has made the foundations in acute need for funds. The Charities Aid Foundation reports if the current market situation prevails then around 60% of the charities will close within 2020. The levels of UK consumers spending on the charitable services have reduced from 32.5% in 1978 to 27.4% in 2008. Engel et al. (2000) suggested that this variation in the charity expe nse depends upon the household income. b. The Charity consumer A recent study by Mintel shows that around 80% of the UK population are environment concerned and are ready to make donations. On analysis of the composition of the total population contributing for the charitable purpose, highest donations were recorded among the customers within the age group of 18 to 35 years (Gurău, 2008). The SAS survey reports shows that around 78%of the consumers within this age group are highly conscious about the negative effects of environmental degradation. Moreover, around 60% of the women contributed to the charity compared to men. However, on analyzing the sector receiving the highest proportion of donations it was recorded that the medical research institutes record the highest amount of donations. Figure 1: Donations to different sectors in UK (Source: Sas.org.uk, 2015) Apart from the environment and charity concerns around 55% of the UK population makes donations for getting tax benefits (Hayes, 2012). The following graph shows the percentage of adult population of UK giving charity in different years. Figure 2: Percentage of adult population of UK giving charity in different years (Source: Mintel, 2015) Cash donations are the most popular method s of donations among the UK customers because the direct cash payment can help the individual to get a tax benefit. However other forms of donations include payment through debit card, buying of charity services, event donations, cheque, membership fees and payroll (Jiang and Chia, 2010). Figure 3: Methods of receiving donations (Source: Mintel, 2015) In order to increase the amount of donations in the environmental sector and specially for the Surfers against Sewage fund the trusts should target the motivation of the customers. If correct charitable motivation can be given to the target customers then the retention and recruitment of new remembers will be possible (Houser et al. 2011). c. The current SAS promotion or member communication The major income of SAS is generated from the membership subscriptions. In order to increase the number of members especially within the age range of 18 to 34 years the foundation has initiated different promotional projects. The present membership packages of SAS are as follows: Family membership @ 30 annually Single membership @ 24 annually Group membership @ 10 per group members annually Lifetime membership @ 240 onetime payment (Sas.org.uk, 2015) SAS has taken an innovative approach of producing and educational film about a well known professional surfer to educate and inspire charitable activities on the beach. This promotional strategy was directed towards the young age group since they could connect to the life of the surfer and would join in the charitable activities (Finne and Grnroos, 2009). Apart from this the organization provides regular campaign updates in the members magazine Pipeline, provides discounts for items in SAS surf shop, accessories like key ring and car sticker and invitations to community services like cleaning of local beaches. In 2013 the foundation collected over 55,000 signatures from citizens regarding a camping supporting better protection in surf spots. The Unidentified Floating Objects (UFO) campaigns initiated by SAS involves in identifying items of marine litter on the UK beaches and remove them to make the sea cleaner. In 2012 the foundation had organized a spring clean activity on the local beaches (Sas.org.uk, 2015). 3. Objectives and audiences a. Proposed objectives The major objectives of the proposal are as follows: To devise promotional strategies in order to attract and recruit new members within the age group of 18- 35 years To generate strategies for the Charity to help them in long term retention of the recruited members and existing members To plan a financially reliable promotional strategy (Keerthi R, 2013) b. Target audience SAS will focus on a niche target market for generation of membership subscriptions. The major target market for SAS membership promotion will be the UK citizens within the age group of 18 to 35 years. SAS has selected this particular age group because according to Mintels report on Charitable Giving highest proportions of donations are available from citizens within the age group of 16 to 24 years. The UK government provides no age bar on the surfers hence the target population within this age group engages more in recreational activities like surfing and hence they are more aware about the needs of protecting the sea and the coastlines. Moreover, Kolsarici Nalca (2009) suggests that the younger population gets motivated in a positive manner regarding the donations. For further stress on the selected target market SAS will point its promotions towards the female citizens within this age group. According to Blythe (2009) it is easier to generate emotional influence on the female citizens more compared to the male citizens. The survey report of the charity market of UK also shows that around 60% of the donors are female. The target audience will also comprise of majorly professional and recreational swimmers and surfers of UK. c. Desired response Ranganathan et al. (2011) opined that a charity donation promotion would be successful if the authorities are able to make the customer think from heart and not from mind. The presence of numerous donation appeals in UK makes it difficult for the UK citizens to decide on the appropriate charitable fund. SAS should generate its new membership promotional strategies targeting the following factors: Audience thoughts: The promotional strategies will aim to generate rational thoughts within the target customers in order to trigger the need for charity memberships. SAS by promoting about the importance of environmental sustainability along with recreational activities will be able to generate a connection in the mind of the customers. Audience emotions: To generate memberships within the target audience, SAS needs to trigger the emotional cord of the target audience. However Conaway and Laasch (2012) suggested that charitable activities with a difference are able to generate more responses compared to normal charities. For instance, British Airways trust funds were able to collect high donations in respect to the Ebola promotions made by the employees. The British Universities were also able to generate high donations from alumni students on the grounds of development and alumni meets. Since the younger population donates for the positive feeling that they get from the donations hence the SAS should frame strategies that will make the target audience feel positive about their contributions (Robertson and Davidson, 2013). Audience behavior: The desired behavior after targeting the promotional strategy is that the target audience will at least enroll for a single membership on an annual basis in SAS. If the promotion is able to attract the commitment and attention of the target audience then SAS will hope that they will at least want to experience the charity and recreation activity. 4. Proposals a. Marketing and communication tools Keeping in mind the budget constraint, SAS should develop promotional techniques using individual creativity rather than usage of promotional media. The organization can organize a Keep the seas clean camping with the existing members in order to generate awareness among the citizens. The use of pamphlet distribution and handmade hoardings in different clubs, swimming associations and schools will also attract the awareness of the citizens to the SAS activities and generate membership response (Belch and Belch, 2012). SAS can make innovative promotion strategies like introduce a Do Good card system that will provide discounted surfing opportunities to individuals who will opt for membership subscriptions (Brown and Mason, 2010). To attract the young target audience SAS should focus on creation of strategies that conveys that volunteering is fun. In this regard SAS can opt for innovative video campaign which will include filming of a story of a volunteer having fun while surfing and also contributing to the cleanliness program of the beaches. b. Message The promotion aims to generate the importance of charitable contribution for maintenance of sea conservation and cleanliness (Shimp, 2010). The promotion though the various social media hash tags and video filming and radio advertising is aimed to generate a sense of responsibility within the community about the importance of serving the community for cleansing the seas. The membership recruitment promotions also shows that service contribution by the community citizens in the charitable activities concerning the sea and the beaches will be able to successfully make the seas safer and make surfing a memorable experience for the surfers (Mayor, 2009). c. Media The extensive use of the social media like twitter and Face Book will help the organization in attracting new members. The campaign can involve has tag promotions in twitter with the tagline #waterislife. The target audiences within the age group of 16 to 34 are majorly addicted to the social media platforms. Hence, the request for membership requirements on the twitter will generate huge responses and comments from the users and they will show interest in the subscriptions. However use of traditional advertising strategies will not be, suffice for the organization. Barker (2013) suggested that Radio advertising is a cheap source of traditional adverting media. Since SAS is restraining on the budget, hence the organization can effectively take the help of radio advertising to promote the recruitment campaign. Radio promotion will involve low cost and will help SAS to promote its message to all local citizens. Current promotions of SAS in the social media platforms show that the company makes 60% of its promotions in Twitter and 40% in Face Book (Waller, 2012). Hence, the organization can promote the SAS recruitment campaign through the social media sties because around 18% of the fundraising money is incurred from the peer-to-peer campaign of social media. With the help of the hash tag promotion in twitter, SAS will be able to connect and build relationships over the discussion topic with the targeted audience. The creation of a sense of engagement will help the organization to fetch members for the charity services (Caywood, 2012). 5. Evaluation methods In order to measure the effectiveness level of the advertising campaigns, SAS can evaluate on the following factors Donation figures: To evaluate the effectiveness of the promotional campaigns SAS should evaluate the amount of donations received in form of membership subscriptions or amount of donations received from sponsorships (Ofek, 2010). Changes in behavior of the members: If the retention rates of the existing members of SAS increases then the organization will understand that the promotional technique has been a success. Website hits and social media response: The positive or negative comments and the numbers of website hits and social media likes will also confirm the success of the promotional techniques. The Hash tag responses will be able to give SAS a practical view of the reactions of the citizens and the organization will be able to understand whether the promotions are able to generate sense of responsibility within the target audience. Membership recruitment conversion: The final evaluation will be made with the conversion rate of the members (Grimmer and Woolley, 2014). The major purpose of the promotion is to attract target members who would serve the community needs along with SAS. Hence, the number of individuals registering for the membership will confirm the success rate of the promotions. 6. Reference list Barker, R. (2013). Strategic integrated communication: An alternative perspective of integrated marketing communication?.Communicatio, 39(1), pp.102-121. Belch, G. and Belch, G. (2012).Advertising. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill Australia. Blythe, J. (2009).Key concepts in marketing. Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE. Brown, A. and Mason, K. (2010).The Child's Play Charity. St. Bonaventure, N.Y.: Jandoli School of Journalism and Mass Communication, St. Bonaventure University. Caywood, C. (2012).The handbook of strategic public relations and integrated marketing communications. New York: McGraw-Hill. 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