Persian Gulf War Essay -- essays research papers

The Persian Gulf War all started because of one countrys greed for oil. Iraq accused Kuwait of pumping oil and not sharing the benfits, and Kuwait was pumping more oil than allowed under quotas set by the Organization of Petroleum trade Countries, it decreased the price of oil, Iraqs main export. Iraqs complaints against Kuwait grew more and more harsh, but they were mostly about money. When Iraqi forces began to assemble near the Kuwaiti border in the summer of 1990, several Arab states tried to intervene the dispute. Kuwait didnt want to look weak so they didnt ask for any help from the joined States or other non-Arab powers for support. Arab mediators convinced Iraq and Kuwait to negotiate their differences in Saudi Arabia, on August 1, 1990, but that meeting resulted only in charges and countercharges. A here and now meeting was planned to take place in Baghdad, the Iraqi capital, but Iraq invaded Kuwait the next day, leading some people to think that Iraqi electric chair Sad dam Hussein had planned the invasion all along.The Iraqi attack began shortly after midnight on August 2. About 150,000 Iraqi troops, many of them veterans of the Iran-Iraq War, closely overwhelmed the unprepared and inexperienced Kuwaiti forces, which numbered about 20,000. By dawn Iraq had assumed control of Kuwait City, the capital, and was soon in complete control of the country. The unite earth Security Council and the Arab League immediately condemned the Iraqi invasion. Four days later, the Security Council forced an economic restriction on Iraq that forbidden nearly all trades with Iraq. any(prenominal) armed attempt to roll back the Iraqi invasion depended on Saudi Arabia, which shares a border with Iraq and Kuwait. Saudi Arabia didnt have the power to agitate Iraq alone .So Saudi rulers did eventually open the country to foreign forces, in mainly because they were worried by Iraqs aggressive negotiations in any case U.S. intelligence reports claimed that Iraqi force s were well positioned for a strike against Saudi Arabia. Beginning a week after the Iraqi take over of Kuwait and continuing for several months, a jumbo international force called the international coalition gathered in Saudi Arabia. The United States sent more than 400,000 troops, and more than 200,000 additional troops came from Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, France, Kuwait, Egypt, Syria, Sene... ...ps. The UN continued to maintain most of the economic restriction on Iraq after the war, and several coalition countries enforced other sanctions. The sanctions allowed Iraq to sell limited amounts of oil for viands and medicine if it also designated some of the revenue to pay for damages caused by the war. Until December 1996, Iraq rejected this deal as an violation on its power. Hussein also complicated matters by mobilizing forces on the Kuwaiti border in late 1994 and by interfering with the work of UN inspectors. This interference almost led to new array conflict in 1998, but a UN binding agreement allowing the inspectors to resume work averted the immediate crisis. Reports that Iraq was continuing to block inspections prompted the United States and Britain to launch a four-day serial publication of air strikes on Iraqi military and industrial targets in December. In response, Iraq stated that it would no longer comply with UN inspection teams, called for an end to the sanctions, and threatened to sacking on aircraft patrolling the no-fly zones. Through early 1999, Iraq continued to challenge the patrols, and British and U.S. planes struck Iraqi missile launch sites and other targets.

Roald Dahl was a famous British Writer :: essays research papers fc

Roald DahlRoald Dahl was a famous British sparer. He was inspired to write because of his dreams and life experiences. He enjoyed telling bedtime stories to his children. These bedtime stories were published and some were made into films. Roald Dahl was great writer and was recognized for his work.Roald Dahl was a famous British Writer. He was born in Llandeff, Wales on September 13th 1916. His parents, Harold and Sofie, came from Norway. He had four sisters, Astri, Affhild, Else and Astra, His father died when Roald was only four geezerhood old. Roald attended Repton, a private naturalise in Derbyshire. He did not enjoy his school years, I was appalled by the fact that masters and senior boys were allowed, literally, to wound other boys and sometimes kind of severely. I couldnt get over it. I never got over it These experiences inspired him to write stories in which children fight against cruel adults and authorities.When he was 18 years old, he went on expedition to Newfoundla nd. Upon returning to England, he worked for Shell. During World War II, he served in the Royal Air forces in Libya, Greede and Syria. Being a vaporize was dangerous and Dahl had a bad crash in the desert.While he was recovering from his wounds, he had strange dreams. These dreams inspired him to write his first presently stories. He wrote about his most exiting Royal Air force adventures. The Saturday Evening Post published the story, A Piece of Cake. Later, this story was included in a book called, Over To You the Stories of flyers and flying (1946).In 1953, Roald Dahl marries Patricia Neal. They had one son and four daughters. His eldest daughter Olivia died of measles when she was eight years old. He after divorced her and remarried to Felicity Ann Crossland in 1983.Dahls first childrens book, The Gremlins (1943) was written for Walt Disney. The following years he wrote a collection of short stories. In 1954, the story, Someone Like You, was very successful worldwide. He wrote a sequel, KISS KISS in 1959. The two books were serialized for television in America. Some of the stories were seen in programs handle Alfred Hitchcock Presents and in Tales of the Unexpected.Roald Dahl used to tell bedtime stories to his children and these became the books he is now famous for. In 1961, he published James and the Giant Peach.

The Effectiveness of Selection Interviews Essay -- Business Interviews

The Effectiveness of Selection InterviewsEvaluate the relative effectiveness of selection interviews as anindicator of likely outlook suitability in the case of a selectedbusiness, making recommendations for improvements in procedure.D1The interview is the final stage of the Recruitment and Selectionprocess. Candidates can be classified as the appliers for a vacancythat they have seen advertised. The chosen business for this questionis M&S. It is here at this stage, the M&S employee (who is thecandidate) and the employer are generally in the brush situation. Aninterview is a form of test or assessment. However, it is alsoclarified as a formal discussion, especially one in which an employeeassess, n applicant for a job.Interviews are always conducted and arranged for all sorts of otherjobs, particularly retailing jobs such(prenominal) as M&S.At prison terms the employerhas the process of going by letters, CVs, application forms, andexamination of references, which will fee-tail that only a few number ofapplicants are more unlikely to be interviewed for the job. This isbecause interviews take up time of senior managers who have to carrythem out, and this will be also costly for the business. Apart firmthis, there are however good and bad statements to be made onselection interviews. Depending on the attitudes and relationshipsbetween the interviewee and the interviewer, there can be good and badturnouts that could effect M&S.The process of selection interviewing around every employer includes a face-to-face interview as part of theselection process. The initial selection interview might be delegatedto a recruitment part or a local job center, but roughly employerswould be more reluctant to take on new employees without having metthem in person. The interview, however, continues to be the mostpopular and frequently used method of selection, even though it isthought that research studies have found interviews to be poorpredictors of future execution in a j ob. This is referred to as lowvalidity. The poor validity of interviews pixilateds that they don not testwhat they intend to test. For example inside at M&S, it would mean theability to do well. The reasons for this mainly lie with interviewerconcerns number of interviewer errors contribute to the low validityof interviews, and awareness of th... ...le when assessingintelligence, interest in the job applied for, motivation andpersonality. The spend a pennyrs of such tests have stated that they areaccurate and completely unbiased. They are supposed to be particularlygood at assessment of personality. For example, they can show if acandidate would work well in a team or would be more effective workingalone. The following of theses tests are of the following performance tests knowledge tests aptitude tests intelligence tests personality testsAssessment centers testsJob applications are subjected to a wide range of assessments over awhole day or two. They are required to participate in group exercises,psychometric tests, aptitude tests and traditional interviews. Byusing a mixture of assessment this process is claimed to produce moreaccurate result. the applicants are given longer to prove themselvesand there fore become more relaxed and more nataul.however recentdevelopment now mean that these assessment centre exercises can bevideoed and then sent to a team of independent experts to be properlyanalysed.this insures that the candidates have their performanceassessed objectively.

Free Essays on Sonnet CXXX :: Sonnet essays

Sonnet CXXX   In our class we digest been discussing sonnet cxxx. numerous of my classmates believe that Shakespeargon was saying that, although this girl is ugly, he still loves her. While others claim that he was non making any statements about her looks, but instead cosmos realistic. It is my view that he was making a point of claiming that his girlfriend was a regular person and not a mythological goddess.   Most people have heard on television or in movies, some guy tell his girlfriend that she has eyes as deep as the ocean or lips as soft as velvet. Although these every(prenominal) sound very romantic they are probably not true. In the first line of this sonnet, Shakespeare says his mistress eyes are nothing like the sun. so he says that her lips are not as red as coral, and that her discase is not as white as snow. of coarse she doesnt have white skin no person has truly white skin. So to assume that he was stating that she was then dark and pail two-lipped w ould be wrong. One cannot claim, that since he says she is not one thing, that he must be implying she is the opposite.   He goes on to say that perfume smells better than her breath. never says that In our class we have been discussing sonnet cxxx. Many of my classmates believe that Shakespeare was saying that, although this girl is ugly, he still loves her. While others claim that he was not making any statements about her looks, but instead being realistic. It is my view that he was making a point of claiming that his girlfriend was a regular person and not a mythological goddess.   Most people have heard on television or in movies, some guy tell his girlfriend that she has eyes as deep as the ocean or lips as soft as velvet. Although these all sound very romantic they are probably not true. In the first line of this sonnet, Shakespeare says his mistress eyes are nothing like the sun. then he says that her lips are not as red as coral, and that her skin is not as white as snow. of coarse she doesnt have white skin no person has truly white skin. So to assume that he was stating that she was then dark and pail lipped would be wrong.

Essay --

January 3, 2014Dan Maffucci50 WordsBook Me Talk Pretty One Day insane -Pg 17Line Due to his maniacal sense of discipline, I always thought my father would have make an excellent musician. (adjective)Definition A somebody exhibiting extreme symptoms of wild behaviorSentence 1. The more drinks the man had he began acting maniacally at the poker table, tossing his chips at other opponents. (adverb)2. On cultism Factor the mans maniacal behavior allowed him to go through with apple bobbing in a pit of snakes. (adjective)3. There were no witnesses to the murder, but nigh neighbors said they heard a maniacal laugh around the same time. (adjective)Plaintive -Pg 24Line The current hit version of the song was performed by Jos Feliciano, a blind man whose plaintive voice served the lyrics much better than did Jon Morrison. (adjective)Definition Sounding sad or mournfulSentence1. She had a plaintive cry when her dog passed away, she grieved for days. (adjective)2. The musicians plaintively p erformed in the eyes of an angel, the song from the adopt a dog commercial. (adverb)3. The cats had a plaintive meow until their liter box was changed. (adjective)Mimeographed -Pg 24Line Before I left, he handed me half a dozen purple mimeographed handouts, which we both knew were useless. (adjective)Definition A duplicating machine that produces copies from a printSentence1. I just bought a new mimeograph, it can make copies from a stencil. (noun)2. The mimeograph has been replaced by newer technology that can also create copies, analogous ink and laser printers. (noun)3. My grandfather gave me his old mimeographed flyers, hand pressed around the 60s. (adjective) Interminable -Pg 32L... ...ining a pattern in four pairs of dominoes and prophesying what the fifth pair might look like. (verb)Definition say that (a specific thing) will happen in the futureSentence1. The fortune teller made a prophecy that the woman would win the lotto. (verb)2. The papers prophesied he would resign in a couple weeks. (verb)3. Prophesiers make a lot of money sullen people who believe they can really tell the future. (noun)Corroborated -Pg 241Line The theory was completely my own, corroborated by no one, but so what? (verb)Definition To confirm or support a statementSentence1. Sometimes my teacher is not able to corroborate evidence she teaches us. (verb)2. Many officers are also corroborators, by prominent evidence to support their claims. (noun)3. I hoped my friend would corroborate my lie to my parents, then i wouldnt get in trouble. (verb)

Essay --

January 3, 2014Dan Maffucci50 WordsBook Me Talk Pretty One DayManiacal -Pg 17Line Due to his maniacal mavin of discipline, I always thought my father would have made an excellent musician. (adjective) interpretation A person exhibiting extreme symptoms of wild waySentence 1. The much drinks the man had he began acting maniacally at the poker table, tossing his chips at other opponents. (adverb)2. On Fear Factor the mans maniacal behavior allowed him to go through with apple bobbing in a pit of snakes. (adjective)3. There were no witnesses to the murder, but nearby neighbors said they heard a maniacal gag around the same time. (adjective)Plaintive -Pg 24Line The current hit version of the song was performed by Jos Feliciano, a blind man whose plaintive percentage served the lyrics much better than did Jon Morrison. (adjective)Definition Sounding sad or mournfulSentence1. She had a plaintive cry when her dog passed away, she grieved for days. (adjective)2. The musicians plaintivel y performed in the look of an angel, the song from the adopt a dog commercial. (adverb)3. The cats had a plaintive meow until their liter box was changed. (adjective)Mimeographed -Pg 24Line Before I left, he pass me half a dozen purple mimeographed overtakeouts, which we both k innovative were useless. (adjective)Definition A duplicating machine that produces copies from a stencilSentence1. I just bought a new mimeograph, it can make copies from a stencil. (noun)2. The mimeograph has been replaced by newer technology that can also create copies, like ink and laser printers. (noun)3. My grandfather gave me his old mimeographed flyers, hand pressed around the 60s. (adjective) Interminable -Pg 32L... ...ining a pattern in four pairs of dominoes and prophesying what the fifth pair might look like. (verb)Definition say that (a specific thing) will happen in the futureSentence1. The fortune reporter made a prophecy that the woman would win the lotto. (verb)2. The papers prophesied he would resign in a couple weeks. (verb)3. Prophesiers make a lot of money off people who believe they can really tell the future. (noun)Corroborated -Pg 241Line The theory was completely my own, patronised by no one, but so what? (verb)Definition To confirm or support a statementSentence1. sometimes my teacher is not able to corroborate evidence she teaches us. (verb)2. Many officers are also corroborators, by giving evidence to support their claims. (noun)3. I hoped my friend would corroborate my lie to my parents, then i wouldnt get in trouble. (verb)

Hotel Reservation

I. contestation of Scope and Objectives A. Introduction Technological innovation cause changes in the way mint live. They lead do lives of pile easier, to a greater extent comfortable and convenient and even hoteliers and services headed companies palpate slipway how to satisfy their customers, But how these hoteliers manage their transaction with debauched and to a greater extent convenient way. The Columban College Hotel & Resort is founded Dr. Susan P. Alegoria, the Dean of the College of descent Administration, with the recommending approval of the school treasurer Fr. Amado S. Censon and Rev. Fr. Daniel O.Presto the school President to the Board of Trustees Most Reverent Bishop Florentino G. Lavarias, DD, as death chair of the Board. Hotel now be having a hard clock conviction keeping their files in stern. The procedure implemented is slow in lineuping. Manual handling of selective discipline whitethorn lead to inaccuracy of teaching because humans atomic nu mber 18 pr nonp atomic number 18il to errors. In their reservation transaction there is a task in shifting of inventorys of the round because the records is place still in the logbook and some quantify the staff is non aware that there is a reservation in a specific elbow room because of it is effortful for them to find the room immediately.The proposed deemrization dust can reduced if non exclusively eliminates the errors that allow be encountering. This placement succeeds efficient and precise show upput because of the transaction for t everyy of bills. Accessing and updating records in reservation can be through with(p) with relative. It would then be easier for this company to go about their work with less effort and high school efficiency. For Columban College Hotel & Resort, a manual(a)-based transaction is still applied that serves as their primary establishment & when it comes to their data counselling which is record keeping and report generating.Su ch processes are done utilize logbooks, worksheets, price lists, calculators and a lot of human intervention. By doing so, the company has been encountering human errors such as inaccurate calculation, when turns out to be an inconvenience for them as it requires greater effort and time. To complement the need for capability to control, it is essential to disturb an in variateation system of rules of rules that will serve as the companys backbone. Background of the understand Columban College Hotel & Resort was built on the premise of putting aLaboratory facility for BSHRM Bachelor of Science in Hotel and embossmentaurant vigilance and BST Bachelor of Science in tourism students. afterwards two years of deliberate construction, a five storey, 15 rooms building complete with three star class facilities fin every(prenominal)y disseminate its doors on April 15, 2004. A team of experts manage and operate the Hotel Laboratory for the students to experience a first class hospi tality education, reservation them equipped and at comparability with their counter leaves.All Laboratory classes/subjects are done in the hotel Front Office, Housekeeping, Kitchen Operations, Bar Tending/Cocktail Mixing, Baking with Cake Decoration, International Cuisine, Events and Catering Management, and Culinary Arts. These supererogatoryized subjects are taught by experts from the industry and with NC II certification by TESDA. The Columban College Hotel & Resort, is the first educational hotel in Zambales and Bataan Provinces, it is located at Barrio Barretto, Olongapo city. It is ten minutes away from Subic Bay Freeport Zone, thus making it ideal for conferences, retreats and other gatherings.Nestled in the nature rich area of the Barrio Barretto with a spectacular view of Subic Bay and the mountains. This hotel and resort features very affordable room entrap one can choose from standard to deluxe rooms ranging from Php. 1,200. 00 to Php. 3,600. 00. It has function ro om that can accommodate 200 leaf nodes, and dining areas. The swimming pool a mini Olympic size pool with kiddy pool with lush tropical gardens and a roof deck overlooking the Barretto campus and Subic Bay will definitely excite your stay worthwhile. As educational hotel and resort, our tradition of impeccable service will make your stay memorable.The Columban College Hotel & Resort continues to set itself apart with its excellence in cordial reception Service and education as evidence by the result of regional culinary skills competition. The existing system in the organization contains many manual operations, including a manual anyowance and reservation performed by the thickening which creates a occupation on the receptionists recording the data that has been collected, manual transactions of payment also created problem in paying the bills in the hotel. The Columban College Hotel & Resort is having a hard time keeping their files in place. The procedure implemented is sl ow in billing.Manual handling of information may lead to inaccuracy of information because humans are prone to errors. In their reservation transaction there is a problem in shifting of schedules of the staff because the records is place only in logbook and sometimes the staff is not aware that there is a reservation in a specific room because of it is difficult for them to find the room immediately. Another problem also is the marketing of the hotel because of its location and finding the prospect guests. The proposed computerization system can reduced if not totally eliminates the errors that will be encountering.This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Accessing and updating records in reservation can be done with relative. Reports are being generated depending on the list required by the way. It would then be easier for the company to go about their work with less effort and with high efficiency. B. Statement of th e chore MAJOR PROBLEM Based on observation and query done by the proponents, this engage identified that the major problems go through by the management lies on the manual process of all their operation.SPECIFIC PROBLEMS 1. Slow Process It takes time to prepare a billing report and billing literary argument of the clients and unable to look out quickly the availability of the rooms in order to assign new clients to their respective rooms because they are still using manual process. 2. selective information hostage Their records will get lost or damaged because their data is not secured and sometimes the receptionists overlooks the records of the reservations and assigns different clients on the same room and same date which makes the manual system unreliable. 3.Intensive labor They carry difficulties on searching clients records and scanning the log books for the availability of the rooms it also needs effort in order to compute the billing statement. C. Objectives of the Study GENERAL OBJECTIVE The general objective is to chassis and develop a Hotel Management carcass for Columban College Hotel & Resort, Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. To be able to develop a system that will speed up the process of operation. The receptionists will bewilder an ease using this system because our proposed system is capable on reason the payments that clients have made. . To be able to secure a program by creating a different user level of security The proposed system will have a capability to create a back-up of the recent database and the records are protected because the only person who can access their records is the receptionists. 3. To be able to develop a system that will ease the job of different user. With one glance the rooms status will be shown whether it is available, occupied and reserved. The receptionists would no long-life look throughout all the rooms information on the log book one by one. D. Scope and Limitations ScopeT his instruction will share the management of the rooms, the system will show the information of the room if it is occupied or available. The system will provide the computerization of the costumers total. The system will record the clients information and the transaction they settled. Limitations The system limits the direct usage of the system by the clients, only the receptionists can operate the system. Editing guest information & transactions can only be made by the receptionists. E. Locale of the Study Figure 1. 0 The Columban College Hotel & Resort is located at Rizal Ext. Barrio Barretto, Olongapo City, near the Columban College, Barretto Campus. F. Significance of the Study This study aims to provide a Hotel Management System for Columban College Hotel & Resort. With regards to the billing of the guest, the system will be responsible in computing their payment and checking the availability of all rooms. Receptionists They will pop less time and effort interacting with the ir clients. Having this system, they can easily access or check the status of the rooms depending on its types. And they can easily give the bill of the clients because it was already computed by the system.Clients Their clients will not have to wait for a long period of time for the room that will be assigned to them and their bill. confederation The hotel will have a better transaction process and ease in their guest management. II. Review of Related Literature and Studies A. Related Literature This chapter is a discussion of the background, aims and objectives of the present study. This chapter deals with the review of related literature. The purpose of the study of research works done in the same field is to understand what type of study has been done and what exactly has been explored before the present research work started.The system provide the reception an easy way for searching on rooms, listing take out rooms, inserting the client information, making reservation for roo ms and doing payment process. This will be created by four students of Columban College. They are Jon Roel Lasala(BSCS), Kristian Castillo(BSCS), Steven Ocampo(BSIT) and Rosendo Luy(BSIT). B. RELATED STUDIES Foreign Webraydian (2007) asserted that to run a hotel successfully it is important that the hotel management should be good before making any change in the trends one should take a look to each aspects as any changes in the trend also have a wide impact on the diverse industries.Rutherford (2009) asserted that the hotel business should be done in terms of the guest interest as well because of the growing concern over environment friendly service. OFallon (2010) asserted that the hotel business is one of the most competitive businesses in the world or the better words is most cut throat. Michael said that hotel reservations package program allows hotels and resorts to manage reservation packet allows hotels and resorts to manage reservations, set rates, offer discounts and m onitor room allocations. Most otel reservation systems include hotel management software, hotel reservation and billing software, hotel reception software and hotel accounting software modules. Global Marketing asserted that communicating with all of these channels in order to keep them menses on your inventory and rates, requires in some cases, fooling manual intervention with multiple faxes and phone calls. More importantly, verifying the accuracy of each channels current allotment and rate by proportion is critical exactly rarely automated. Most times hotel operators do not know where or how their rooms are being sold or at what rate until the booking confirmation arrives.Waller said that is hotel hotel reservation software is really a necessary need. Pencil and paper booking sheets for example tend to get the job done, yes? That may be so, only when also considers that with hotel reservation software, such booking sheets can be printed out, and many software packages can b e piece to most any language. Martindale, asserted that another great feature about using hotel reservation is you can select from any hotel in the area that you exigency to stay at, even of your budget wouldnt normally allow you to afford it.With the online system you can browse the different hotels available in the area, and keep an eye on if they have only a discounted price or if they will allow you to create your own price. This many sound strange, but especially during off peak times many hotel want people to spend something to stay in their room to military service increase their annual revenue. Charya, asserted that Hotel Management system helps the hotel administrators to accommodate special request, booking checkouts, etc. They keep sending reminders high spot the important dates for the benefits of the customers.It also gives the hotel administration leverage in terms of making immediate adjustments as and when something unannounced turn ups. Schneider said that roo m management is simple and cost effective because a guest room management system can ensure upper limit user-friendly and cost effectiveness. Assuresoftware. com testified that the management software can help your people get more out of every minute, every hour, and every workday. It is designed to gain ground productivity by simplifying scheduling rooms and resources. LocalValenzuela (2003) asserted that computer-based hotel reservation and billing system can reduce errors that will be encountered. This system provides efficient and precise output because of the transaction for computation of bills. Reports are being generated depending on the list required by the management since computerization of all companies are being countenance there is need for hotels to adapt computerized operation too. Razal (2004) testified that the reservation and information are essential to attract clients and customers, so when they see that the establishment that can be added to their success.Won g (2004) cogitate that reservation system will lessen the work of the employees and would really help them a lot in managing the hotel and it would be much easy to organize all transactions of the hotel. Capistrano (2005) asserted that reservation system enhance the existing business operation and give further improvement for the business process. Fuerte (2005) concluded that an action of IT engine room in any business firms hold the key to competitiveness towards maturation and success in the business.Ramirez (2005) asserted that reservation system will benefit not only the company but customers as well, because it will increase the efficiency of the employees working operation. Daduya (2006) claimed that organized and extravagant retrieval of information computerization of their reservation and registration process is need, for them to have fast and accessible transaction. Mirador (2007) asserted that reservation system is deemed significant because it will be different from the traditional process of reservation.This will bushel the manual process of reservation which probably creates difficulty for the people the who are responsible in reservation. C. Analysis on Related Literature and Studies As summary, Hotel backlog System is an advance process of managing hotel reservation check in, check out of costumers. It is a user friendly and helps the hotel receptionist to accommodate special request, booking, checkouts. They keep sending reminders and highlight the important dates for the benefits of the costumers.Therefore, hotel that uses Computer based system needs to conduct day training for the users/receptionist to be literate in hotel management system and to avoid difficulties in making reservation of costumers. It lessens the time consume doing the hotel reservation. It is a replacement for manual reservation. A system more convenient and user friendly and compiling of files is more accurate and more sufficient than compiling it manually. It is more easy-driven to ensure prompt and reliable data by processing of information in database. III. Methodologies A. Methods of Research StudyIn this chapter, the proponents draw the rule of research used and data gathering procedure, tools and data processing techniques. The Proponents used the different gathering materials like net income, books and previous study similar to the proposed study. After collecting and analyzing the data that we gather we found out some of the problems and establish our main objectives that served to be our functionlines for pursuing the system. Those gathered information from questionnaire, surveys and interviews can solved to the problem of the Columban College Hotel & Resort for their manual process. B.Data Gathering Techniques The proponents used the Descriptive Method it is designed to investigate and to gather information about the present situation. This was the chosen method of the proponents because the method can help the proponents obta in the information they need. There are different ways to gather the information infallible for the proponents to understand more about the current system of Columban College and how can the people adjust in the new system that is going to be implemented. The facts and information that was gathered by the proponents was obtained by the use of Observation, reference and Survey.Observation this first stage to be done because before doing the interview and survey the proponents needs to observe what kind of environment the locale of the study have, what kind of people is involved and the educational attainment of each people. This technique is very helpful in gathering the needed data because conducting the observation opened some issues and problems that the study will encounter. Interview by conducting the interview, all the questions and issues of the proponents was brought up and was answered.Interviews were done with the different people who are involves and in-charge of the C olumban College Hotel & Resort. Survey this was used by proponents to determine the percentages of the students who agree and dissent on the proposed system. Using this technique gives the proponents the opportunity to understand the situation of the students in the existing system. The techniques/ways discussed above will not be obtained without the instruments used in data gathering. These instruments were performed carefully and accurately to have a very reliable result in the study.The instruments used to gather the information needed are the program library and the Internet. Library the proponents used the Library to gather some important information that can help improve the study. It also played a very big(p) part in the study itself the Library contains a lot of reliable information regarding the study that helped the proponents. Internet the internet played a vital subprogram in gathering the information needed. The internet nowadays contains information that are not that reliable and accurate, the proponents carefully compared the results and comments of the other readers in the internet to have a result that is reliable.The proponents used survey form as one of the most important method in data gathering. A set of survey questions was minded(p) to at least 30 respondents including employee and guests of Columban College Hotel & Resort, who gives the proponents a specific knowledge and help us in identifying the common problems they are facing in a comparison to the study. The proponents used Percentile Method to determine the quantities and percentage of the responses in the survey. 1. Sampling Design A project for Columban College Hotel & Resort Rizal Ext. , Barrio Barretto, Olongapo CityDear respondents, This survey aims to collect data in accordance to the study Columaban College Hotel & Resort Management System. Kindly answer the question honestly and accurately. Please do not leave any statement unmarked. Your response will be highly a ppreciated. Thank you very much. God Bless I. Personal reading Name (Optional)_____________________________________________ Age 12- 16 17- 21 21- 30 30 & above Gender Male Female II. Questionnaires 1. Is the reservation process on the hotel fast enough? 3D YesNo 2.Was your reservation handled courteously and facultyily? 3D YesNo 3. Was the check in process was timely and efficient? YesNo 4. Was your suite clean and properly maintained? YesNo 5. Were your arrival and departure experiences handled courteously and efficiently? YesNo 6. Do you think that the computerization of the reservation can affect the performance of the hotel? YesNo 7. Did the resort exceed your expectations? YesNo 8. Would you stay at the resort if you were to return to this area? YesNo Letter of Interview Columban College Hotel & Resort Rizal Ext. , Barrio Barretto Olongapo City Dear Sir/MadamGreetings We are graduating students of College of Computer Studies taking up Bachelor of Science in Information Techn ology and Computer Science. Currently, we are enrolled in our dissertation Writing Technology where we are required to design a system for a particular organization or industry. In relation to this, we planned to design Columban College Hotel & Resort Management System and we are seeking for your assistance for us to conduct an interview and data gathering at your most convenient time. Rest assured that the information that we will get will be treated with much confidentiality.We are looking forward for the consideration that you can give to our request. You may reach us through the following number 09072316910 or email us at emailprotected com Sincerely, _________________ Noted by Jon Roel Lasala ________________________ _________________ Mr. Ronnie D. Luy Kristian Castillo Thesis Adviser _________________ Steven Nicco Carangalan _________________ Rosendo Luy 2. Respondents Figure 2. 0 The receptionist of Columban College Hotel & Resort Figure 3. 0 Readying for interview on Mr.Elme r Callo, Assistant Manager of the CCHR Receptionist The receptionist will be observed by the proponents to know what is the possible problems that are occurring in performing the manual operations in the hotel. Guests The proponents will conduct a survey of how the manual operations of hotel affect the satisfaction of the guests. Administrators The proponents will interview the administrators of the hotel to know what problems they are experiencing in the hotel. C. Statistical Treatment of Data 1. Percentile Method to determine the quantities and percentage of the responses in the survey.Survey forms will be given to the employees and some guests of the Columban College Hotel & Resort. N N Formula P = f x 100 Where % = percent f = relative frequency N = gist Number of Respondents D. Collected Data and Information Result of Survey The results of the survey were discussed on this study and the following questions that were answered by the respondents 1. Is the reservation process o n the hotel fast enough? Frequency fortune Yes 7 23% No 23 77% Total 30 100% tabular array 1. 0 Figure 2. 0 2. Was your reservation handled courteously and correctly? Frequency PercentageYes 17 56% No 13 44% Total 30 100% display panel 1. 1 Figure 2. 1 3. Was the check-in process was timely and efficient? Frequency Percentage Yes 11 36% No 19 64% Total 30 100% Figure 2. 2 4. Was your suite clean and properly maintained? Frequency Percentage Yes 22 73% No 8 27% Total 30 100% Table 1. 3 Table 2. 3 5. Were your arrival and departure experiences handled courteously and efficiently? Frequency Percentage Yes 18 60% No 12 40% Total 30 100% Table 1. 4 Figure 2. 4 6. Do you think that the computerization of the reservation can affect the performance of the hotel? Frequency Percentage Yes 28 93% No 2 7% Total 30 100% Table 1. 5 Figure 2. 5 7. Did the resort exceed your expectations? Frequency Percentage Yes 15 50% No 15 50% Total 30 100% Table 1. 6 Figure 2. 6 8. Would you sta y at the resort if you were to return to this area? Frequency Percentage Yes 21 70% No 9 30% Total 30 100% Table 1. 7 IV. Modelling and Technical Background A. Software Model The proponents adopt the System Development Life Cycle because this will act as the proponents guide in creating the proposed system. Figure 3. 0SDLC is a process used by IT analysts in order to develop or redesign high quality software system which meets both the customer and the real world requirement taking into consideration all associated aspects of pros and cons of software interrogatory, analysis and post process maintenance. B. Theoretical mannequin This chapter will discuss the different process and methods of creating the needed system of the organization through the guidelines that the proponents created in their researches and findings. This chapter also involves the different phases that will act as guide that will be an essential to the creation of the proposed system.Additional information Ad ditional information PLANNING PLANNING DISCOVEERY DISCOVEERY INFORMATION GATHERING INFORMATION GATHERING report REPORTING Figure 4. 0 Theoretical Framework C. Conceptual Framework Proposed System Proposed System Check for room availability Check for room availability envision and compute for the bills Show and compute for the bills Create a back-up for database Create a back-up for database Give the needed information Give the needed information Give the room desired by the client Give the room desired by the client Give the payment Give the payment Client Client Receptionist ReceptionistFigure 5. 0 Conceptual Framework This figure shows the concept of the proposed system, It will tackles how the process of interaction between the receptionist and the guests. 1. Paradigm/ initial public offering Diagram Figure 6. 0 Paradigm The IPO mannikin has many interdisciplinary applications, and is used to convey systems fundamentals inITovervieweducationand as a brainstorming, preliminary investigation tool insystems development processessuch as theSDLC. V. Systems Analysis and Design A. Systems Analysis 1. Existing System Columban College Hotel & Resort is currently performing all their process in manual operation. . substance abuser Requirements/ Requirements Specifications User Requirements Developer Requirement Automated Billing Statement Create a system that will automatically generate billing statement Computer-based viewing mode Status Include the room status in the features of the program Computer Reservation Create a Database Management System Computer-based Check in/out Create a system that will manage the Check in/out of the clients Computerized Adding/Viewing of Clients information Create a Database Management System Table 2. 0 User Requirements 3. Feasibility Study 3. Technical Feasibility Columban College Hotel & Resort is in need of a computer-based system to be able to operate faster and more efficiently. The system project primarily intends to avoi d inconsistencies during operation. Also, implying the use of computerized processes avoids inaccurate report of billing amounts and miscalculation of transactions. Microsoft Office 2010 offers flexible and powerful new ways to deliver your best workat the office, at home, or at school. Create standout reports and presentations with tools that help you capture your ideas more creatively.Stay connected to your projects, even when youre away from your computer, with access to Office files via Web browser or Windows phone. 1Work efficiently with others by sharing, editing, and reviewing files at the same timeeven across geographies and time zones. Adobe Photoshopis agraphics editing programdeveloped and published byAdobe Systems. Photoshop files have default file extension as. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document. A PSD file stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop.These include layers withmasks,color spaces,ICC profiles, CMYK Mode (used for com mercial printing), transparency, text,alpha channelsandspot colors, trimness paths, andduotonesettings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e. g. .JPG or . GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum elevation and width of 30,000 pixels, and a length limit of 3 Gigabytes. Visual Basicis athird-generationevent-driven programming languageandintegrated development environment(IDE) fromMicrosoftfor itsCOM programming model first released in 1991.Visual Basic is designed to be relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASICand enables therapid application development (RAD)of graphical user interface (GUI)applications, access todatabasesusingData Access Objects,Remote Data Objects, orActiveX Data Objects, and creation ofActiveXcontrols and objects. VBAis effectively the same language as Visual Basic but VBA-code is tied to Microsoft Office and can only run within that environment. Thescripting la nguageVBScriptis a subset of Visual Basic. . 2 frugalal Feasibility The Economic Feasibility will be the basis if the said proposal is economically feasible Every company knows that cost is one of the major problems to be considered in making a proposed system, if it affordable or not. However, the only thing that the shop need is hosting the proposed system and it is less expensive. The proposed system just need to acquire an internet connection and have knowledge on computer and it will be possible for them to get their needs and information by just browsing.The economic feasibleness will illustrate the expenses needed to be able to implement the proposed system successfully below. Since the Columban College Hotel & Resort has already has a one (1) complete set of personal computer, there is no need to buy a new one. Software Specification Software Components definition Windows 7 Microsoft Office 2010 Visual Basic 6. 0 Hardware Specification Hardware Components Description I ntel DUAL CORE E5300 2. 6Processor INTEL DG41RQ DDR800/ 6CHN/ GLAN/ QUAD/ 2 GB DDR2 PC800 Hard disk SEAGATE 250GB 7200 SATA Monitor AOC9315l 18. 5 Black AVR ergocalciferol watts A4Tech Slim PS2 KBS-720 Black A4tech Optical Mouse OP6200 USB 3. 3 Operational Feasibility Operational feasibility is this will focus whether the system will be profitable if it is being developed and implemented. Whether there will be affect from user or there will be possible application benefits. Operational feasibility, this is how the system will solve the following problem or how it satisfies the requirements analysis phase of the development.ITEM UNIT PRICE QTY. FREQ. (1 Acad. Yr. ) TOTAL Bond Paper Ream Php. 200. 00 1 20pcs. Php. 4,000. 00 Ink mag Php. 350. 00 1 1 Php. 350. 00 Log Book Php. 35. 00 1 12pcs. Php. 420. 00 Total Php. 4,770. 00 Table 4. 0 Operational Feasibility Electricity Consumption and Cost Rate/kW = Php. 5. 90 (based on ZAMECO II) Amount = (units watt/1,000kW) *rate * hours usage ITEM UNIT WATTS(1 Acad. Yr. ) HOURS USAGE COST Personal Computer 225W 24hrs. (min) Php. 4,032. 00 Table 4. 1 Operational Feasibility 3. 4 Time FeasibilityTime feasibility will say the schedule if the project being done. And how many months it is being cover. This Gantt chart show how does data gathering being done and even the design phase and maintenance are show in the Gantt chart. Bars show the time being consumed in one task to other task until we fulfil all the requirements needed by the clients. Figure 7. 0 Gantt Chart 3. 5 Feasibility Analysis executive Summary After the proponents gather all the essential information needed, the proponents is convinced that the proposed system will be feasible in implementing.The proposed system requires both hardware and software components to keep the system running. For the receptionists, the Visual Basic 6. 0 is needed to run the system. It is important to create a back-up of database to keep the information and transactions safely. Since the needed software and hardware were available in the hotel, the proponents will only now focus in implementing the system to know whether the proposed system will truly help the Columban College Hotel & Resort. 4. Risk Analysis Risk Source Action Risk levelData corruption through loss or alteration of data without the applications knowledge and consent Receptionist error (accidental file deletion) Recover file High Software bugs (unexpected conditions and responded to incorrectly Update anti-virus, delete any virus founds medium Data corruption through willful action Externally, from viruses and worms Create back-up data Medium Acts of God Earthquake, floods, etc. Create back-up data Low Table 5. 0 Risk Analysis B. System Design 1. Proposed System This research describes an adaption of a hotel reservation system in Columban College Hotel & Resort.Computer technology has made our lives much easier and convenient. Years ago, people had to manually input important i nformation of their guest, now you just use the computer to find this information. In just one click, instantly find the guest name, rooms & rates, address, email address, phone numbers and so on. By investigating their existing reservation, the guest input the information manually in reservation form. It is annoy for the guest to do a reservation as well as to the receptionist. It is time a waste of time, effort and the things that is needed for the reservation.Proponents will implement the proposed system in Columban College Hotel and Resort. All you need is computer and a user, by just opening the application. It is a very reliable, efficient and convenient. It is much easier to for the receptionist to look at the database and see if the guests are already paid or if the room is already occupied or unoccupied and so on and so forth. 2. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 2. 1 UML Class Diagram Figure 8. 0 Class Diagram 2. 2 Use Case Diagram System System Check Room Information C heck Room Information Input Customer InformationInput Customer Information Update System Update System Edit information Edit information Add Subcharges Add Subcharges Total Payment Total Payment Figure 9. 0 Use Case Diagram 2. 3 Use Case Description Use Case Input reserved information Actor Receptionist Description Input data information about room reserved Trigger When a customer wants to reserve for room Pre-conditions Customers wants to reserve room Post-conditions System will be updated Normal Flow All information about reservation mustiness be encoded Priority High Frequency of Use In all guest to booked in the hotelTable 6. 4 Use Case Updates System Actor Receptionist Description Updating of system in every time there is new booking schedule Trigger New inputs/booking schedule is given Pre-conditions Guest requested for room reservation Post-conditions Input/information given is updates to the system Priority High Frequency of Use In all guest to booked in the hotel Table 6. 5 Use Case Edit information Actor Receptionist Description Editing of customer and room information Trigger When information needs to be updated Post-conditions System will update changesNormal Flow Editing is always done when changes are needed to be done in the customer information Includes Data Verification Table 6. 6 Use Case Total payment Actor Receptionist Description Adding all the expenses in the information Post-conditions Payment will be done according to the total amount Normal Flow Includes Priority Frequency of Use Business Rules Table 6. 8 2. 4 System Sequence Diagram 3. Network Diagram/System Architecture Proposed System Proposed System Receptionist Receptionist Database Management System Database Management SystemFigure 11. 0 Network Diagram Network Diagramis theconceptual modelthat defines thestructure and behaviour of asystem. 4. Database Structure 4. 1 Entity Relationship Diagram 4. 2 Data Dictionary 4. 3 Relational Databases 5. System Interfaces 5. 1 System Inputs Guest Reservation Form This is where the receptionist will input the essential information of the guest, it will also show how much the guest will pay about the chosen room. This is where the additional necessity will be ordered by the guest and the receptionist will process the transaction 5. 2 System Outputs . 3 Process Specifications 5. 4 Integrity Controls All bits of information or data that are gathered in the guest will be stored in the system and its database. Only the receptionist can modify the system in the server through the approval of who might be the one should be approving it. That person who will be approving it will depend on the agreement of the company or policy. 5. 5 Security Controls The proposed system has the capability to back-up the database of all it saved information. The system will have passwords where only receptionist can access it.Any antivirus programs with high integrity will be used to protect the system. 6. Automation Boundary The proposed system will be about reservation of room accommodation and other services. The system will not be providing automated billing. 7. Initial Gap Analysis The existing system is all about manual operation by filling up form of reservation, unlike the proposed system all you need to do is encode the information. Other advantage of the proposed system its more efficient if compiling reservation form. It is also more accurate in reviewing data information about the previous accommodations.Chapter VI A. Implementation Activities In order to successfully implement the proposed system for Columban College Hotel & Resort, the proponents need to orient the Receptionist, Manager and Owner on how the process of the proposed system works and on how the system should be handled, after orientation and installation the system will be tested and will be evaluated for further revisions or enhancement that are still needed to include on the proposed system. B. Testing 1. Unit Testing The system adminis trator and other users will be involved in exam the program.The users are allowed to explore the system then let them take notes if there are any flaws in it or if there are anything that needs to improve. Then the proponents will debug the system then re-run the testing for further adjustment and debugging until the system will be fully operational. ALPHA TESTING Alpha testing is a form of preliminary software field test carried out by a team of users in order to find bugs that were not found previously through other tests. The main purpose of alpha testing is to devour the software product by finding and fixing the bugs that were not discovered through previous tests.This indicate the stages of the process how the system response to its given task. The testing is conducted in order to know how the systems deliver the required response regarding with its performance. Based from the test that has been establish in using alpha testing, the proponents comes up from the first part of testing the system, there were things that must be change. One of the changes that need to be change is the abolishing of the manual procedure of the hotel, 2. Integration Testing 3. Usability TestingAfter all operation testing are done, the Hotel Management System receptionist will seek for questions regarding the improvements of the system. After gathering some information, adjustment or improvements will be done in the system depending on how big are the problems need to be change in the system. 4. User Acceptance Test As all the adjustment or improvements are done, the system will be tested again by the Users and will be re-evaluated if the system already fulfilled the Users satisfaction. C. Change pass on and Error Reports D. Deployment 1. Deployment Approaches 2. Users TrainingIn order for the system to fully-implement in the oraganization, the users must undergo training in order to gain enough knowledge in computer. The training will be about familiarizing in the operating system which is the Windows7 so that the user wil use will know where to go in accessing the system, then the Microsoft Visual Basic. net in order for them to easily understand the environment of the syetm because the system is made through the said software. Then, also most importantly is the users must be trained on how to use the system. The training will be conducted in their free time.In terms of the untoward incident that will slip by in the system during the operation, the users are obligued to go out series of trainings for the debugging of the system as well as the systems maintenace. 3. System Maintenance 1. Problem Report During the previous process, the problems aroused in the system are the following 2. Manual Changing and Updating of records The Hotels office consists of many files of the clients and inventories. Since, the office piled up with many files there are many records that needed to be recorded in a new form and add to the database.And also the files are no t be placed consequently because the files are only been placed to the filling cabinet in the office. 3. Employees are not Computer Confident The Front Desk Employees does not have sufficient knowledge about computer. Regarding with this, the proponents suggested to have leave and conduct training or seminar. 1. Policies and Procedures Policies Policies may vary depending on the desire of Columban College Hotel & Resort Management, but the proponents suggest the following policies 1. Only the Admin are in charge of adding, editing and deleting the System Users 2.The system data base should be backed-up every week in case of data crash or other unexpected circumstances 3. The Computer should be place in a nice atmosphere to check overheating. 4. No other employee other than the Receptionist, Manager and owner can directly use the system. 5. In the reservation transaction, down payment is needed in order to confirm the reservation, the receptionist will inform the client that the reg istration will be cancelled if the guest didnt arrive 2 hours after the expected time of arrival and the down payment will serve as the registration fee. Chapter VIIConclusion and Recommendation A. Conclusion The Hotel Management System have already been completed. It really made a significant difference as compared with the present existing system of the hotel since it was done through interfaces of computers. The usage of the system truly provides the advancement of technology, towards a fast access of information. The proponents therefore conclude that it is more reliable to make use of the proposed system as it is able to reduce data redundancies and inconsistencies, in which the administrator and receptionist experienced while using the existing system.The proposed system is guaranteed to be secured and will make the work of the receptionist faster and more convenient. B. Recommendation The proponents recommend the implementation of the system as it would speed up and make more efficient the processes involved in managing rooms. Full testing before implementation is suggested. The system will not cover how the payment will be done, whether they will use credit card or bank transactions.Stand-alone computer unit is used in the system but in the future purposes the respondents can use two or more computer unit for the manager and the management if needed. The user level must be considered always for the security of the files and every transaction. Because of technology the needed for improvement never stop, therefore the proponents recommend to the next future proponents to add more features to the system to fuck off more useful and to satisfy the future needs of the business.

Marketing Mix Of Audi Essay

Audi is a German based elevator political machine manufacturing troupe, known around the world as part of the big three luxury railway car manufacturers. A commodious with Mercedes and BMW, Audi is the biggest luxury car manufacturing company globally. Audi oversees all its global production from its head quarters in Bavaria, Germany, and has further nine production facilities world-wide that manufactures their vehicles. Audi has been a bulk owned subsidiary group of Volkswagen since 1966, after a purchase by Daimler-Benz of Audis predecessor group Auto Union.Volkswagen re-launched the Audi brand with the F103 series, and Audi has gone on to compartmentalise itself a niche as a quality manufacturer of automobiles, producing aesthetically pleasing designs combined with a satisfying drive and being mechanically genuine as well. Audi has been selling their luxury cars in India since 2004, but in 2007 Audi India was established as a division of Volkswagen Group Sales India, and began to set up long call plans, involving large scale investments, recruitment drives and high quality sales services to meet its goal of becoming the number one luxury car to be driven in India. Audi is represented in 110 countries world-wide.Product in the market mix of AudiIn the early 1990s, Audi had some problems with its microprocessors, causing electronic failures that threatened the companys nature, especially in the American market. Audi have worked hard to remedy the problems, and their new motor cars today have much little issues with the electronics, as new and improved technology is found. Audi have added to their range and now offer a wider variety of cars, from the A1, through to the companys venture into the 44 market with the Q5 and Q7. The Audi A4 remains popular, as does the impressive looking Audi TT. As part of the Big Three of car companies in Germany, Audi are one of the brighten selling luxury sports car brands in the world.In recently 2009, Audi posted pro fits of $1.85 billion. In 2012, the company enjoyed a 10% increase in sales. Audi has a good presence in India, boosted by the opening of a production plant in 2007. As a result, many of the vehicles from the Audi range are available, and car owners are able to go to Audi garages to repair and maintain their vehicles properly. Where Audi India sold 3,003 units in India in 2010, it has sold 10,002 units in2013 showing 200% growth in 3 years.Place in the trade mix of AudiPresently, Audi has 28 dealerships across 11 states in India, and in 2010 Audi India reported an increase in sales, compared to the previous year, of 81%. In mid-2014, Audi India will start production of its premium sedan, the A3 at its facility in Aurangabad, and go on to sell it across its dealerships in the country. Although based in Germany, Audi has a world-wide presence, and continues to be a prolific seller of motor cars. The company has set out major plans and investments in markets such as India, to achieve long term goals, and it continues to grow in the Asian countries. Establishing and maintaining a presence through exclusive dealerships and excellent after care services are being used by the company to build on its European reputation. Production numbers for the Audi Company are impressive, with well over a million vehicles being produced in totality in 2013.Promotions in the Marketing mix of AudiAudi are involved in many sports and sponsorship ventures, such as sponsoring some Italian football teams, and having a ineradicable feature in Sonys Playstation Home. Audi manages to keep itself in the public eye without over doing it. Advertised on billboards and in magazines, and with advertisements on television (TV commercials) over the years, the company was famous for its slogan Vorsprung durch Technik meaning progress through technology and today still uses the same words on its adverts.Recently, it was changed, in the USA only, to truth in engineering. Audi relies on the quality of its cars, as well as its reputation as one of the Big Three, to ensure that sales and production figures continue to grow. Its cars in India are often launched by celebrities like the recent launch of Audi RS 7 Sports coupe was done by Bollywood biggie Salman Khan. Because of its niche market, Audi never takes part in mass marketing but instead advertises only in the very premium segment so that it can pull its target market towards the brand.Price in the Marketing mix of AudiThe cost of a new Audi A1 in the UK is around 14,000 GBP and in India it is around 19 lac rupees, which shows that Audi has premium price or skimming price. Off course, the pricing is completely justified looking at thequality and the brand image of the car. This pricing is also necessary for the proper positioning of the brand. People like the reputation of the company, and this is reflected in the production of this car 123,000 plus units in 2013. Dealerships and showrooms offer repayment plans allowing a wide variety of people access to the brand.Of course, Audi has a well see range of sports cars, such as the Audi TT RS Coupe or the R8 Coupe, but continues to show a steady growth in production of most of its cars over the conk out 15 years. Audi has witnessed a stellar performance during the last year and the first quarter of 2014 in India. There has been a price rise off late which has been attributed to the increase in the forex rates. However, the company tries its best to rationalize the prices and provide innovative finance options through their own Audi Finance making the purchase attractive. It has it closest competitors in BMW, Volkswagen and Skoda among others.

Measuring a Nation’s Income

Chapter 23 Measuring a Nations Income TRUE/FALSE 1. In eld of frugal contraction, profligates through away the frugality increase their fruit of advanceds and serve, employment rises, and jobs argon easy to find. autonomic nervous systemFDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe film of political deliverance and definitions of economical science pourboireEconomic expansionMSCDefinitional 2. macroeconomic statistics include gross house servant conjure, the pretension rate, the unemployment rate, retail gross sales, and the trade deficit. autonomic nervous systemTDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe ingest of political economy and definitions of political economy treetopMacropolitical economyMSCDefinitional 3.Macroeconomic statistics tell us about a detail household, firm, or foodstuff. autonomic nervous systemFDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe meditate of political economy and definitions of economic science authorizeMacropolitical economyMSCDefinitional 4. Macro economic science is the record of the economy as a whole. autonomic nervous systemTDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe mull of political economy and definitions of economic science go byMacro political economyMSCDefinitional 5. The polish of macro economic science is to explain the economic modifys that affect legion(predicate) households, firms, and securities industrys simultaneously. autonomic nervous systemTDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe determine of economic science and definitions of economic science crownMacropolitical economyMSCDefinitional . Micro economic science and macro economic science argon closely linked. autonomic nervous systemTDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe poll of economics and definitions of economics cash in ones chipsMicroeconomics MacroeconomicsMSCDefinitional 7. The basic tools of supply and demand be as central to macroeconomic analysis as they argon to microeconomic analysis. autonomic nervous systemTDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe battlefield of economics and definit ions of economics tipDemand SupplyMSCDefinitional 8. gross domestic product is the most closely watched economic statistic because it is thought to be the best single measure of a societys economic well-being. autonomic nervous systemTDIF1REF23-0NATAnalyticLOCThe athletic field of economics and definitions of economics summitgross domestic productMSCDefinitional 9. gross domestic product lav measure either the impart income of eachone in the economy or the occur expenditure on the economys output of goods and function, but gross domestic product can non measure some(prenominal) at the corresponding time. autonomic nervous systemFDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe excogitate of economics and definitions of economics TOPgross domestic productMSC interpretative 10. For an economy as a whole, income must exceed expenditure. ANSFDIF1REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe theatre of operations of economics and definitions of economics TOPIncome ExpenditureMSCDefinitional 11.An economys income is the same as its expenditure because every transaction has a buyer and a seller. ANSTDIF1REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIncome ExpenditureMSCDefinitional 12. gross domestic product is the grocery store pass judgment of all last goods and services produced by a countrys citizens in a given period of time. ANSFDIF1REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPgross domestic productMSCDefinitional 13. GDP amounts together many different kinds of products into a single measure of the determine of economic activity by using commercialise prices. ANSTDIF1REF23-2NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCDefinitional 14. U. S. GDP includes the securities industry quantify of letting trapping, but non the market draw a bead on of owner-occupied housing. ANSFDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSC interpretative 15. U. S . GDP excludes the production of most il level-headed goods. ANSTDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 16. U. S. GDP includes casts of the apprise of items that atomic number 18 produced and consumed at home, such as housework and car maintenance. ANSFDIF2REF23-2NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSC practical 17. GDP includes besides the honour of final goods because the value of liaise goods is already include in the prices of the final goods. ANSTDIF1REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP negotiate goodsMSCDefinitional 18. Additions to inventory subtract from GDP, and when the goods in inventory be later used or sold, the reductions in inventory add to GDP. ANSFDIF1REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP InventoryMSCDefinitional 9. While GDP includes tangible goods such as books and bug spra y, it excludes intangible services such as the services provided by teachers and exterminators. ANSFDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSC applicatory 20. At a rummage sale, you buy 2 old books and an old rocking chair your spending on these items is non include in authorized GDP. ANSTDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSC applicatory 21. When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP. ANSFDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSC applicatory 22. If the U. S. brass reports that GDP in the third quarter was $12 trillion at an annual rate, indeed the amount of income and expenditure during quarter three was $3 trillion. ANSTDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSC practical 23. The political relation computes measures of income other than GDP be cause these other measures usually tell different stories about overall economic conditions.ANSFDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP IncomeMSCInterpretive 24. Expenditures by households on education argon include in the consumption component of GDP. ANSTDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOP usageMSCInterpretive 25. Most goods whose purchases are included in the investment component of GDP are used to produce other goods. ANSTDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPInvestmentMSCInterpretive 26.New home construction is included in the consumption component of GDP. ANSFDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPInvestmentMSCInterpretive 27. Changes in inventory are included in the investment component of GDP. ANSTDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPInvestmentMSCInterpreti ve 28. The investment component of GDP refers to financial investment in stocks and bonds. ANSFDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPInvestmentMSCInterpretive 29.The political relation purchases component of GDP includes salaries paid to soldiers but not Social certificate benefits paid to the elderly. ANSTDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGovernment purchasesMSCInterpretive 30. If the value of an economys imports exceeds the value of that economys exports, whence net exports is a negative yield. ANSTDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPNet exportsMSCInterpretive 31. If someone in the joined States buys a surfboard produced in Australia, whence that purchase is included in some(prenominal) the consumption component of U.S. GDP and the net exports component of U. S. GDP. ANSTDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of econo mics TOPConsumption Net exportsMSC practical 32. If consumption is $4000, exports are $300, government purchases are $1000, imports are $400, and investment is $800, then GDP is $5700. ANSTDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 33. If exports are $500, GDP is $8000, government purchases are $1200, imports are $700, and investment is $800, then consumption is $6200. ANSTDIF2REF23-3NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPConsumptionMSCApplicative 34. If consumption is $1800, GDP is $4300, government purchases are $1000, imports are $700, and investment is $1200, then exports are $300. ANSFDIF2REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPExportsMSCApplicative 35. U. S. GDP was almost $14 billion in 2007. ANSFDIF1REF23-3 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCDefinitional 36. In 2007, government purchases was the largest component of U. S. GDP. ANSFDIF2REF23-3NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 37. If total spending rises from one social class to the next, then the economy must be producing a larger output of goods and services. ANSFDIF2REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 38. An increase in nominal U. S. GDP necessarily implies that the fall in States is producing a larger output of goods and services. ANSFDIF2REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPNominal GDPMSCInterpretive 39.Nominal GDP uses constant base- form prices to place a value on the economys production of goods and services, while unfeigned GDP uses current prices to place a value on the economys production of goods and services. ANSFDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPNominal GDP true GDPMSCDefinitional 40. current tour GDP evaluates current produ ction using prices that are restore at past levels and therefore shows how the economys overall production of goods and services changes over time. ANSTDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOP material GDPMSCDefinitional 1. The term real GDP refers to a countrys actual GDP as opposed to its estimated GDP. ANSFDIF2REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPReal GDPMSCInterpretive 42. Changes in real GDP reflect only changes in the amounts being produced. ANSTDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPReal GDPMSCDefinitional 43. Real GDP is a better gauge of economic well-being than is nominal GDP. ANSTDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPNominal GDP Real GDPMSCDefinitional 44.Changes in the GDP deflator reflect only changes in the prices of goods and services. ANSTDIF2REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP deflatorMSCInterpretive 45. If nominal GDP is $10,000 and real GDP is $8,000, then the GDP deflator is 125. ANSTDIF2REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP deflatorMSCApplicative 46. If nominal GDP is $12,000 and the GDP deflator is 80, then real GDP is $15,000. ANSTDIF2REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPReal GDPMSCApplicative 7. Economists use the term inflation to describe a spot in which the economys overall production level is insurrection. ANSFDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCUnemployment and inflationTOPInflation MSCDefinitional 48. If the GDP deflator in 2006 was 160 and the GDP deflator in 2007 was 180, then the inflation rate in 2007 was 12. 5%. ANSTDIF2REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCUnemployment and inflationTOPInflation rate MSCApplicative 49. If the GDP deflator in 2004 was 150 and the GDP deflator in 2005 was 120, then the inflation rate in 2005 was 25%. ANSFDIF2REF23-4NATAnalyticL OCUnemployment and inflationTOPInflation rate MSCApplicative 50. The GDP deflator can be used to take inflation out of nominal GDP. ANSTDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP deflatorMSCDefinitional 51. In 2004, the level of U. S. real GDP was close to four propagation its 1965 level. ANSTDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPReal GDPMSCDefinitional 52. The output of goods and services produced in the fall in States has grown on average 3. 2 pct per year. ANSTDIF1REF23-4NATAnalyticLOCProductivity and growthTOPGrowth MSCDefinitional 53. Periods during which real GDP rises are called recessions. ANSFDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPRecessionsMSCDefinitional 54. Recessions are associated with reduce incomes, rising unemployment, and falling profits. ANSTDIF1REF23-4 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPRecessionsMSCD efinitional 55. If real GDP is higher in one country than in another, then we can be sure that the standard of living is higher in the country with the higher real GDP. ANSFDIF2REF23-5NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPReal GDP Standard of livingMSCInterpretive 56. Real GDP per person tells us the income and expenditure of the average person in the economy. ANSTDIF1REF23-5 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPReal GDP per personMSCDefinitional 57. GDP does not directly measure those things that make life worthwhile, but it does measure our ability to obtain many of the inputs into a worthwhile life. ANSTDIF1REF23-5 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCDefinitional 58.GDP does not make adjustments for leisure time, environmental quality, or volunteer work. ANSTDIF2REF23-5 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 59. Other things equal , in countries with higher levels of real GDP per person, life expectancy and literacy rates are higher than in countries with lower levels of real GDP per person. ANSTDIF2REF23-5 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive SHORT ANSWER 1. GDP is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.In spite of this definition, some production is left out of GDP. Explain why some final goods and services are not included. ANS GDP excludes some products because they are so difficult to measure. These products include services performed by individuals for themselves and their families, and most goods that are produced and consumed at home and, therefore, never enter the marketplace. In addition, culpable products are not included in GDP hitherto if they can be measured because, by societys definition, they are bads, not goods.DIF2REF23-2NATAnalytic LOCThe study of economics and defi nitions of economicsTOPGDP MSCInterpretive 2. Explain why it is the courtship that the value of intermediate goods produced and sold during the year is not included directly as part of GDP, but the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold is included directly as part of GDP. ANS Intermediate goods produced and sold during the year are not included separately as part of GDP because the value of those goods is included in the value of the final goods produced from them.If the intermediate good is produced but not sold during the year, its value is included as inventory investment for the year in which it was produced. If inventory investment was not included as part of GDP, true production would be underestimated for the year the intermediate good went into inventory, and overestimated for the year the intermediate good is used or sold. DIF2REF23-2NATAnalytic LOCThe study of economics and definitions of economicsTOPGDP Intermediate goods MSCInterpretive 3. Since it is count ed as investment, why doesnt the purchase of earthmoving equipment from China by a U. S. orporation increase U. S. GDP? ANS The purchase of foreign equipment is counted as investment, but GDP measures only the value of production within the geographic borders of the United States. In order to avoid including the value of the imported equipment, imports are subtracted from GDP. Hence, the value of the equipment in investment is canceled by subtracting its value as an import. DIF2REF23-3NATAnalytic LOCThe study of economics and definitions of economicsTOPGDP Investment Imports MSCApplicative 4. Identify the immediate effect of each of the adjacent events on U. S. GDP and its components. a. James receives a Social Security check. b. John buys an Italian sports car. c. Henry buys domestically produced tools for his construction company. ANS a. Since this is a transfer giftment, there is no change to GDP or to any of its components. b. Consumption and imports go away rise and ca ncel each other out so that there is no change in U. S. GDP. c. This increases the investment component of GDP and so increases GDP. DIF2REF23-3NATAnalytic LOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Transfer payments Net exports InvestmentMSCApplicative . Between 1929 and 1933, NNP measured in current prices fell from $96 billion to $48 billion. over the same period, the relevant price index fell from 100 to 75. a. What was the constituent decomposition in nominal NNP from 1929 to1933? b. What was the percentage bloodline in real NNP from 1929 to 1933? Show your work. ANS a. NNP measured in current prices is nominal NNP. Nominal NNP fell from $96 billion to $48 billion, a decline of 50 percent. b. Real NNP is nominal NNP disassociated by the price index and multiplied by 100. Real NNP in 1929 was ($96 b/100) pic 100 = $96 b.Real NNP in 1933 was ($48 b/75) pic 100 = $64 b. Real NNP fell from $96 billion to $64 billion, a decline of 33 percent. DIF 2REF23-4NATAnalytic LOCThe study of economics and definitions of economicsTOPNominal NNP Real NNP MSCApplicative 6. You find that your paycheck for the year is higher this year than last. Does that mean that your real income has increase? Explain carefully. ANS Real income is nominal income adjusted for general increase in prices. If my paycheck is higher this year than last, my nominal income has increased.Whether my real income has increased or not depends on what has happened since last year to the level of prices of things I buy with my income. If the percentage increase in prices is less than the percentage increase in my nominal income, then my real income has increased. Otherwise, my real income has not increased. DIF2REF23-4NATAnalytic LOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPNominal income Real incomeMSCInterpretive 7. U. S. real GDP is substantially higher like a shot than it was 60 years ago. What does this tell us, and what does it not tell us, about the well-being of U.S. residents? ANS Since this is in real terms, it tells us that the U. S. is able to make a pass on more(prenominal) stuff than in the past. Some of the increase in real GDP is probably due to an increase in population, so we could say more if we knew what had happened to real GDP per person. Supposing that there was also an increase in real GDP per person, we can say that the standard of living has risen. Material things are an substantial part of well-being. Having sufficient amounts of things such as food, shelter, and clothing are fundamental to well-being.Other things such as security, a safe environment, access to safe water, access to health check care, justice, and freedom also matter. However, many of these things are more easily obtained by being able to produce more using fewer resources. Countries with higher real GDP per person tend to puzzle longer life spans, less discrimination towards women, less child labor, and a higher rate of literacy. D IF2REF23-5NATAnalytic LOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPReal GDP Economic welfareMSCInterpretive Sec00 Measuring a Nations Income MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.Statistics that are of particular interest to macroeconomists a. are largely ignored by the media. b. are widely reported by the media. c. include the equilibrium prices of individual goods and services. d. tell us about a particular household, firm, or market. ANSBDIF2REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPMacroeconomicsMSCInterpretive 2. Macroeconomists study a. the decisions of households and firms. b. the interaction between households and firms. c. economy-wide phenomena. d. regulations on firms and unions. ANSCDIF1REF23-0NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPMacroeconomicsMSCDefinitional 3. Which of the pursuit newspaper headlines is more closely related to what microeconomists study than to what macroeconomists study? a. Unemplo yment rate rises from 5 percent to 5. 5 percent. b. Real GDP grows by 3. 1 percent in the third quarter. c. Retail sales at stores show large gains. d. The price of oranges rises after an early frost. ANSDDIF2REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPMicroeconomics MacroeconomicsMSCInterpretive 4.Which of the following questions is more likely to be studied by a microeconomist than a macroeconomist? a. Why do prices in general rise by more in some countries than in others? b. Why do wages differ across industries? c. Why do production and income increase in some periods and not in others? d. How rapidly is GDP currently increasing? ANSBDIF2REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPMicroeconomics MacroeconomicsMSCInterpretive 5. Which of the following topics are more likely to be studied by a macroeconomist than by a microeconomist? a. the effect of taxes on the prices of airline tickets, the profitabilit y of railroad car-manufacturing firms, and employment trends in the food-service industry b. the price of beef, wage differences between genders, and antitrust laws c. how consumers maximize utility, and how prices are established in markets for agricultural products d. the percentage of the labor force that is out of work, and differences in average income from country to country ANSDDIF2REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPMicroeconomics MacroeconomicsMSCInterpretive 6. We would expect a macroeconomist, as opposed to a microeconomist, to be particularly interested in a. explaining how economic changes affect prices of particular goods. b. devising policies to deal with market failures such as externalities and market power. c. devising policies to promote low inflation. d. identifying those markets that are competitive and those that are not competitive. ANSCDIF2REF23-0NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of econom ics TOPMicroeconomics MacroeconomicsMSCInterpretive 7. Which of the following is not a question that macroeconomists address? a. Why is average income high in some countries while it is low in others? b. Why does the price of anele rise when war erupts in the Middle East? c. Why do production and employment expand in some years and contract in others? d. Why do prices rise rapidly in some periods of time while they are more stable in other periods? ANSBDIF2REF23-0NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPMacroeconomicsMSCInterpretive 8. The basic tools of supply and demand are a. useful only in the analysis of economic behavior in individual markets. b. useful in analyzing the overall economy, but not in analyzing individual markets. c. central to microeconomic analysis, but seldom used in macroeconomic analysis. d. central to macroeconomic analysis as well as to microeconomic analysis. ANSDDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and def initions of economics TOPDemand SupplyMSCDefinitional . Which of the following statistic is usually regarded as the best single measure of a societys economic well-being? a. the unemployment rate b. the inflation rate c. gross domestic product d. the trade deficit ANSCDIF1REF23-0 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCDefinitionalSec01 Measuring a Nations Income The Economys Income and Expenditure MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following statements about GDP is correct? a. GDP measures two things at at once the total income of everyone in the economy and the unemployment rate of the economys labor force. b. Money continuously precipitates from households to government and then back to households, and GDP measures this flow of money. c. GDP is to a nations economy as household income is to a household. d. All of the preceding(prenominal) are correct. ANSCDIF2REF23-1NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics T OPGDPMSCInterpretive 2. Gross domestic product measures two things at once a. the total spending of everyone in the economy and the total saving of everyone in the economy. b. the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expenditure on the economys output of goods and services. c. the value of the economys output of goods and services for domestic citizens and the value of the economys output of goods and services for the rest of the world. d. the total income of households in the economy and the total profit of firms in the economy. ANSBDIF1REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCDefinitional 3. For an economy as a whole, a. wages must equal profit. b. consumption must equal saving. c. income must equal expenditure. d. the number of buyers must equal the number of sellers. ANSCDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIncome ExpenditureMSCInterpretive 4. For an economy as a who le, income must equal expenditure because a. the number of firms is equal to the number of households in an economy. b. international law requires that income equal expenditure. c. every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller. d. every dollar of saving by some consumer is a dollar of spending by some other consumer. ANSCDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIncome ExpenditureMSCInterpretive 5. If an economys GDP rises, then it must be the case that the economys a. income rises and saving falls. b. income and saving both rise. c. income rises and expenditure falls. d. income and expenditure both rise. ANSDDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIncome ExpenditureMSCInterpretive 6. If an economys GDP falls, then it must be the case that the economys a. income falls and saving rises. b. income and saving both fall. c. income falls and expenditure rises. d. in come and expenditure both fall. ANSDDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIncome ExpenditureMSCInterpretive . Because every transaction has a buyer and a seller, a. GDP is more closely associated with an economys income than it is with an economys expenditure. b. every transaction works equally to an economys income and to its expenditure. c. the number of firms must be equal to the number of households in a simple circular-flow diagram. d. firms profits are necessarily zero in a simple circular-flow diagram. ANSBDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIncome ExpenditureMSCInterpretive 8.Which of the following statements about GDP is correct? a. GDP measures two things at once the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expenditure on the economys output of goods and services. b. Money continuously flows from households to firms and then back to households, and GDP measures t his flow of money. c. GDP is generally regarded as the best single measure of a societys economic well-being. d. All of the higher up are correct. ANSDDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 9.In a simple circular-flow diagram, total income and total expenditure are a. never equal because total income always exceeds total expenditure. b. seldom equal because of the ongoing changes in an economys unemployment rate. c. equal only when one dollar is pass on goods for every dollar that is spent on services. d. always equal because every transaction has a buyer and a seller. ANSDDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCUnderstanding and applying economic models TOPCircular-flow diagramMSCInterpretive 10. In a simple circular-flow diagram, a. households spend all of their income. b. all goods and services are bought by households. c. expenditures flow through the markets for goods and services, while income flows through the markets f or the factors of production. d. All of the above are correct. ANSDDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCUnderstanding and applying economic models TOPCircular-flow diagramMSCInterpretive 11. In a simple circular-flow diagram, firms use the money they get from a sale to a. pay wages to workers. b. pay rent to landlords. c. pay profit to the firms owners. d. All of the above are correct. ANSDDIF1REF23-1NATAnalyticLOCUnderstanding and applying economic models TOPCircular-flow diagramMSCDefinitional 12. In the actual economy, households a. spend all of their income. b. divide their income among spending, taxes, and saving. c. buy all goods and services produced in the economy. d. Both (a) and (c) are correct. ANSBDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCUnderstanding and applying economic models TOPCircular-flow diagramMSCInterpretive 13. In the actual economy, goods and services are purchased by a. households, but not firms or the government. b. households and firms, but not the government. c. hous eholds and the government, but not firms. d. households, firms, and the government. ANSDDIF2REF23-1 NATAnalyticLOCUnderstanding and applying economic models TOPCircular-flow diagramMSCInterpretive Sec02 Measuring a Nations Income The Measurement of Gross Domestic Product MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. GDP is defined as a. the market value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. b. the market value of all goods and services produced by the citizens of a country, regardless of where they are living, in a given period of time. c. the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. d. the market value of all final goods and services produced by the citizens of a country, regardless of where they are living, in a given period of time. ANSCDIF1REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCDefinitional 2. Gross domestic product is defined as a. the quantity of all f inal goods and services demanded within a country in a given period of time. b. the quantity of all final goods and services supplied within a country in a given period of time. c. the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. d. Both (a) and (b) are correct. ANSCDIF1REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCDefinitional 3. To compute GDP, we a. add up the wages paid to all workers. b. add up the costs of producing all final goods and services. c. add up the market value of all final goods and services. d. take the difference between the market values of all final goods and services and the costs of producing those final goods and services. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 4. GDP adds together many different kinds of products into a single measure of the value of economic activity by using prices determined by a. banks. b. economists. c. the government. d. markets. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 5. In order to include many different goods and services in an aggregate measure, GDP is computed using, primarily, a. values of goods and services based on surveys of consumers. b. market prices. c. consumer and producer surpluses. d. costs of producing goods and services. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 6. Gross domestic product adds together many different kinds of goods and services into a single measure of the value of economic activity. To do this, GDP makes use of a. market prices. b. prices that government economists believe reflect the true value of goods and services to society. c. the assumption that quantities of goods and services produced are unchanged from year to year. d. the assumption that prices of goods and services are unch anged from year to year. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 7. In computing GDP, market prices are used to value final goods and services because a. market prices do not change much over time, so it is easy to make comparisons between years. b. market prices reflect the values of goods and services. c. if market prices are out of line with how quite a little value goods, the government sets price ceilings and price floors. d. None of the above is correct market prices are not used in computing GDP. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 8. If the price of a DVD fraud is three times the price of a CD player, then a DVD player contributes a. more than three times as much to GDP as does a CD player. b. less than three times as much to GDP as does a CD player. c. exactly three times as much to GDP as does a CD player. d. to GDP but a CD player d oes not contribute to GDP. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 9. Which of the following is correct? a. The market value of term of a contract housing services is included in GDP, but the market value of owner-occupied housing services is not. b. The market value of owner-occupied housing services is included in GDP, but the market value of rental housing services is not. c. The market values of both owner-occupied housing services and rental housing services are included in GDP. d. uncomplete the market value of owner-occupied housing services nor the market value of rental housing services is included in GDP. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 10. The value of the housing services provided by the economys owner-occupied houses is a. included in GDP, and the estimated rental values of the houses are used to place a value on these housin g services. b. included in GDP, and the actual mortgage payments made on the houses are used to estimate the value of these rental services. c. excluded from GDP since these services are not sold in any market. d. excluded from GDP since the value of these housing services cannot be estimated with any degree of precision. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 11. cogitate an apartment complex converts to a condominium, so that the former renters are now owners of their housing units. Suppose further that a current estimate of the value of the condominium owners housing services is the same as the rent they previously paid. What happens to GDP as a result of this conversion? a. GDP necessarily increases. b. GDP necessarily decreases. c. GDP is unaffected because neither the rent nor the estimate of the value of housing services is included in GDP. d. GDP is unaffected because previously the rent payments were included in GDP and now the rent payments are replaced in GDP by the estimate of the value of housing services. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 12. James owns two houses. He rents one house to the Johnson family for $10,000 per year. He lives in the other house.If he were to rent the house in which he lives, he could earn $12,000 per year in rent by doing so. How much do the housing services provided by the two houses contribute to GDP? a. $0 b. $10,000 c. $12,000 d. $22,000 ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 3. GDP excludes most items that are produced and sold il wakelessly and most items that are produced and consumed at home because a. the quality of these items is not high enough to contribute value to GDP. b. measuring them is so difficult. c. the government wants to discourage the production and consumption of these items. d. th ese items are not reported on income tax forms. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 14. Estimates of the values of which of the following non-market goods or services are included in GDP? a. the value of unpaid housework b. the value of vegetables and other foods that people grow in their gardens c. the estimated rental value of owner-occupied homes d. All of the above are included in GDP. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 15. Over the last few decades, Americans have chosen to cook less at home and eat more at restaurants. This change in behavior, by itself, has a. lessen measured GDP. b. not affected measured GDP. c. increased measured GDP only to the extent that the value of the restaurant meals exceeded the value of meals previously cooked at home. d. increased measured GDP by the full value of the restaurant meals. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 N ATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 16. Over time, people have come to rely more on market-produced goods and less on goods that they produce for themselves. For example, busy people with high incomes, rather than cleaning their own houses, hire people to clean their houses.By itself, this change has a. caused measured GDP to fall. b. not caused any change in measured GDP. c. caused measured GDP to rise. d. probably changed measured GDP, but in an uncertain direction the direction of the change depends on the difference in the quality of the cleaning that has resulted. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 17. Ralph pays someone to mow his lawn, while mike mows his own lawn. Regarding these two practices, which of the following statements is correct? a. Only Ralphs payments are included in GDP. b. Ralphs payments as well as the estimated value of Mikes mowing se rvices are included in GDP. c. Neither Ralphs payments nor the estimated value of Mikes mowing services is included in GDP. d. Ralphs payments are definitely included in GDP, while the estimated value of Mikes mowing services is included in GDP only if Mike voluntarily provides his estimate of that value to the government. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 18.If Susan switches from going to Speedy Lube for an oil change to changing the oil in her car herself, then GDP a. necessarily rises. b. necessarily falls. c. will be unaffected because the same service is produced in either case. d. will be unaffected because car maintenance is not included in GDP. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 19. Which of the following is not included in GDP? a. carrots grown in your garden and eaten by your family b. carrots purchased at a farmers market and eaten by your family c. carrots purchased at a grocery store and eaten by your family d. More than one of the above is not included in GDP. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 20. A professional gambler moves from a state where gambling is illegal to a state where gambling is legal. Most of his income was, and continues to be, from gambling.His move a. necessarily raises GDP. b. necessarily decreases GDP. c. doesnt change GDP because gambling is never included in GDP. d. doesnt change GDP because in either case his income is included. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 21. If a state made a previously-illegal activity, such as gambling or prostitution, legal, then, other things equal, GDP a. necessarily decreases. b. necessarily increases. c. doesnt change because both legal and illegal production are included in GDP. d. doesnt change beca use these activities are never included in GDP. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 22. Which of the following is included in GDP? a. medical hemp purchased from a government-run pharmacy by a glaucoma patient b. recreational marijuana purchased from a drug dealer by a college student c. recreational marijuana produced and consumed by a man in his attic d. All of the above are included in GDP. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 23. Marijuana is an illegal good and broccoli is a legal good. Which of the following statements is true? a. Darin grows and sells marijuana to Lisa. When Darin and Lisa get married, GDP falls. b. Darin grows and sells marijuana to Lisa. When Darin and Lisa get married, GDP rises. c. Darin grows and sells broccoli to Lisa. When Darin and Lisa get married, GDP falls. d. Darin grows and sells broccoli to Lisa. When Dari n and Lisa get married, GDP rises. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 24. Spots, Inc. produces ink and sells it to Write on Target, which makes pens. The ink produced by Spots, Inc. is called a. an inventory good. b. a transitory good. c. a feeler good. d. an intermediate good. ANSDDIF1REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIntermediate goodsMSCDefinitional 25. Which of the following statements is correct? a. The value of intermediate goods is always included in GDP. b. The value of intermediate goods is included in GDP only if those goods were produced in the previous year. c. The value of intermediate goods is included in GDP only if those goods are added to firms inventories to be used or sold at a later date. d. The value of intermediate goods is never included in GDP. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Interm ediate goodsMSCInterpretive 26. Grapes are a. always counted as an intermediate good. b. counted as an intermediate good only if they are used to produce another good, such as wine. c. counted as an intermediate good only if they are consumed. d. counted as an intermediate good, whether they are used to produce another good or consumed. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIntermediate goodsMSCApplicative 27. Gasoline is considered a final good if it is sold by a a. gasoline station to a bus company that operates a bus route between San Francisco and Los Angeles. b. pipeline operator to a gasoline station in San Francisco. c. gasoline station to a motorist in Los Angeles. d. All of the above are correct. ANSCDIF2REF23-2NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPIntermediate goodsMSCApplicative 28. A steel company sells some steel to a bicycle company for $150. The bicycle company uses the steel to prod uce a bicycle, which it sells for $250. Taken together, these two transactions contribute a. $150 to GDP. b. $250 to GDP. c. between $250 and $400 to GDP, depending on the profit earned by the bicycle company when it sold the bicycle. d. $400 to GDP. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Intermediate goodsMSCApplicative 9. Als Aluminum play along sells $1 one thousand thousand worth of aluminum to glossy Foil Company, which uses the aluminum to make aluminum foil. Shiny Foil Company sells $4 million worth of aluminum foil to households. The transactions just exposit contribute how much to GDP? a. $1 million b. $3 million c. $4 million d. $5 million ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Intermediate goodsMSCApplicative 30. One bag of flour is sold for $1. 00 to a bakery, which uses the flour to bake bread that is sold for $3. 00 to consumers. A succor bag of flour is so ld to a consumer in a grocery store for $2. 00. Taking these three transactions into account, what is the effect on GDP? a. GDP increases by $2. 00. b. GDP increases by $3. 00. c. GDP increases by $5. 00. d. GDP increases by $6. 00. ANSCDIF3REF23-2NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Intermediate goodsMSC uninflected 31. Suppose there are only two firms in an economy Cowhide, Inc. produces leather and sells it to Couches, Inc. , which produces and sells leather furniture. With each $1,000 of leather that it buys from Cowhide, Inc. , Couches, Inc. produces a couch and sells it for $3,000. Neither firm had any inventory at the beginning of 2006. During that year, Cowhide produced enough leather for 20 couches. Couches, Inc. bought 80% of that leather for $16,000 and promised to buy the rest 20% for $4,000 in 2007.Couches, Inc. produced 16 couches during 2006 and sold each one during that year for $3,000. What was the economys GDP for the 2006? a. $48,000 b. $52,000 c. $64,000 d. $68,000 ANSBDIF3REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Intermediate goodsMSCAnalytical 32.Suppose there are only two firms in an economy Rolling Rawhide produces rawhide and sells it to Chewy Chomp, Inc. , which uses the rawhide to produce and sell quest after chews. With each $2 of rawhide that it buys from Rolling Rawhide, Chewy Chomp, Inc. produces a dog chew and sells it for $5. Neither firm had any inventory at the beginning of 2007. During that year, Rolling Rawhide produced enough rawhide for 1000 dog chews. Chewy Chomp, Inc. bought 75% of that rawhide for $1500 and promised to buy the remaining 25% for $500 in 2008. Chewy Chomp, Inc. produced 750 dog chews during 2007 and sold each one during that year for $5.What was the economys GDP for 2007? a. $3750 b. $4250 c. $5250 d. $5750 ANSBDIF3REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Intermediate goodsM SCAnalytical 33.In 2007, Corny Company grows and sells $2 million worth of corn to Tasty Cereal Company, which makes corn flakes. Tasty Cereal Company produces $6 million worth of corn flakes in 2007, with sales to households during the year of $4. 5 million. The unsold $1. 5 million worth of corn flakes remains in Tasty Cereal Companys inventory at the end of 2007. The transactions just described contribute how much to GDP for 2007? a. $4. 5 million b. $6 million c. $6. million d. $8 million ANSBDIF3REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Intermediate goodsMSCAnalytical 34. The total sales of all firms in the economy for a year a. equals GDP for the year. b. is larger than GDP for the year. c. is smaller than GDP for the year. d. Any of the above is possible. ANSBDIF3REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDP Intermediate goodsMSCAnalytical 35.Which of the following domestically produced items is not included in GDP? a. a bottle of shampoo b. a hairdryer c. a haircut d. All of the above are included in GDP. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 36. Which of the following is not included in GDP? a. a can of bug spray b. the services of an exterminator c. the honey produced and sold by a beekeeper d. All of the above are included in GDP. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 37. Gross domestic product includes all a. legal and illegal goods, but it excludes all legal and illegal services. b. legal and illegal goods and all legal and illegal services. c. legal goods and services, but it excludes illegal goods and services. d. legal and illegal goods and legal services, but it excludes illegal services. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 38. Transactions involving items produced in the past, such as the sale of a 5-year-old automobile by a used car dealership or the purchase of an antique rocking chair by a person at a megabyte sale, are a. included in current GDP because GDP measures the value of all goods and services sold in the current year. b. included in current GDP but valued at their original prices. c. not included in current GDP because GDP only measures the value of goods and services produced in the current year. d. not included in current GDP because these items have no current value. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 39. Which of the following events would cause GDP for 2007 to increase? a. In February 2007, Amanda sells a 1996 Honda Accord to Isabella. b. In February 2007, Amanda buys a ticket to visit a menagerie in Florida. She visits the zoo in April 2007. c. In December 2007, Isabella eats onions that she harvested from her back grounds garden in October 2007. d. All of the above are correct. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 40. Until recently, George lived in a home that was newly constructed in 2005. In 2005, he paid $200,000 for the brand new house. He sold the house in 2006 for $225,000. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the sale of the house? a. The 2006 sale increased 2006 GDP by $225,000 and had no effect on 2005 GDP. b. The 2006 sale increased 2006 GDP by $25,000 and had no effect on 2005 GDP. c. The 2006 sale increased 2006 GDP by $225,000 furthermore, the 2006 sale caused 2005 GDP to be revised upward by $25,000. d. The 2006 sale affected neither 2005 GDP nor 2006 GDP. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 41. Tyler and Camille both live in Oklahoma. A new-car dealer in Oklahoma bought a new car from the manufacturer for $18,000 and sold it to Tyler for $22,000. Later that year, Tyler sold the car to Camille for $17,000.By how much did these transactions contribute to U. S. GDP for the year? a. $18,000 b. $22,000 c. $39,000 d. $57,000 ANSBDIF3REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCAnalytical 42.Consider two cars manufactured by Chevrolet in 2007. During 2007, Chevrolet sells one of the two cars to Sean for $24,000. Later in the same year, Sean sells the car to Kati for $19,000. The second automobile, with a market value of $30,000, is unsold at the end of 2007 and it remains in Chevrolets inventory. The transactions just described contribute how much to GDP for 2007? a. $24,000 b. $43,000 c. $54,000 d. $73,000 ANSCDIF3REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCAnalytical 43. Which of the following is included in U. S. GDP? a. the value of production by an American working in Morocco b. the value of production by a Moroccan working in the U. S. c. Both (a) and (b) are correct. d. Neither (a) nor (b) is correct. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 44. Anna, a U. S. citizen, works only in Germany. The value she adds to production in Germany is included a. in both German GDP and U. S. GDP. b. in German GDP, but it is not included in U. S. GDP. c. in U. S. GDP, but it is not included in German GDP. d. in neither German GDP nor U. S. GDP. ANSBDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 45. An American company operates a fast food restaurant in Romania.Which of the following statements is accurate? a. The value of the goods and services produced by the restaurant is included in both Romanian GDP and U. S. GDP. b. One-half of the value of the goods and services produced by the restaurant is included in Romanian GDP, and the other one-half of the value is included in U. S. GDP. c. The value of the goods a nd services produced by the restaurant is included in Romanian GDP, but not in U. S. GDP. d. The value of the goods and services produced by the restaurant is included in U. S. GDP, but not in Romanian GDP. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 46. Quality Motors is a Japanese-owned company that produces automobiles all of its automobiles are produced in American plants. In 2007, Quality Motors produced $20 million worth of automobiles, with $12 million in sales to Americans, $6 million in sales to Canadians, and $2 million worth of automobiles added to Quality Motors inventory. The transactions just described contribute how much to U. S. GDP for 2007? a. $12 million b. $14 million c. $20 million d. $34 million ANSCDIF3REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCAnalytical 47. Which of the following items is included in U. S. GDP? a. goods produced by foreign citizens working in the United States b. the difference in the price of the sale of an subsisting home and its original purchase price c. known illegal activities d. None of the above is included in U. S. GDP. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 48. Which of the following items is included in U. S. GDP? a. final goods and services that are purchased by the U. S. federal government b. intermediate goods that are produced in the U. S. ut that are unsold at the end of the GDP accounting period c. goods and services produced by foreign citizens working in the U. S. d. All of the above are included in U. S. GDP. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCInterpretive 49. Which of the following items is included in U. S. GDP? a. the estimated value of production everlasting(a) at home, such as backyard production of fruits and vegetables b. the value of illegally-produced goods a nd services c. the value of cars and trucks produced in foreign countries and sold in the U. S. d. None of the above is included in U. S. GDP. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 50. Which of the following is not included in U. S. GDP? a. unpaid cleaning and maintenance of houses b. services such as those provided by lawyers and hair stylists c. the estimated rental value of owner-occupied housing d. production of foreign citizens living in the United States ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 51. Which of the following values would be included in U. S. GDP for 2006? a. the rent that John, an American citizen, would have paid on his home in New York in 2006 had he not owned that home b. the rent that Sarah, an American citizen, paid on her apartment in San Francisco in 2006 c. the value of the legal services provided by Carlos, an attorney an d a Mexican citizen, who lived in Houston and practiced law there in 2006 d. All of the above would be included in U. S. GDP for 2006. ANSDDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 52.Which of the following examples of production of goods and services would be included in U. S. GDP? a. Samantha, a Canadian citizen, grows sweet corn in Minnesota and sells it to a grocery store in Canada. b. Ian, an American citizen, grows peaches for his family in the back yard of their Atlanta home. c. Leo, an American citizen, grows marijuana in his Seattle home and sells it to his friends and neighbors. d. None of the above examples of production would be included in U. S. GDP. ANSADIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 3. Which of the following transactions adds to U. S. GDP for 2006? a. In 2006, Ashley sells a car that she bought in 2002 to William for $5,000. b. An Ameri can management consultant works in Mexico during the pass of 2006 and earns the equivalent of $30,000 during that time. c. When John and Jennifer were both single, they lived in separate apartments and each paid $750 in rent. John and Jennifer got married in 2006 and they bought a house that, according to authorized estimates, could be rented for $1,600 per month. d. None of the above transactions adds to U.S. GDP for 2006. ANSCDIF2REF23-2 NATAnalyticLOCThe study of economics and definitions of economics TOPGDPMSCApplicative 54. Which of the following transactions adds to U. S. GDP for 2006? a. In 2006, Marvin Windows manufactures 20 windows that will eventually be installed in an office building in Minneapolis. The windows remain in Marvins inventory at the end of 2006. b. An Irish marketing consultant works in Boston during the summer of 2006 and earns $30,000 during that time. c.